Physiological, Biochemical and Metabolic Responses of Crops to Biotic and Abiotic Stress

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2026) | Viewed by 5448

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: cold and drought stresses; starch degradation; carbohydrate metabolism; amino acid metabolism; nitrogen assimilation in higher plants

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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: adaptation to stress; drought, salinity and heavy metal stresses; metabolism of abscisic acid, ureides and amino acids
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue deals with the adaptation strategies of plants to unfavorable conditions. In recent years, researchers have gained many new insights into the metabolism, gene expressions, and enzyme activities that change due to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Many important crops are regularly affected by unfavorable environmental conditions. As climate change progresses, unfavorable situations such as drought, heat, cold, and flooding are expected to increase and become more severe. Equally important is the influence of biotic factors, such as various types of pests and bacterial and fungal diseases, on crop growth and yield. The duration of the stress to which plants are exposed also depends on the type of stress. All these factors have a considerable influence on the adaptation strategies of plants to unfavorable conditions. Adaptation aims at plant survival during stress and, from an economic point of view, at limiting harvest losses after harvest and during further storage. All types of articles, such as original works, opinions and reviews, are welcome.

Dr. Sławomir Orzechowski
Dr. Edyta Zdunek-Zastocka
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • drought
  • heat
  • cold
  • flooding
  • biotic stress
  • abiotic stress
  • salinity and heavy metal stresses
  • plants

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 4112 KB  
Article
Responses of Different Japonica Rice Varieties to Cadmium Stress
by Lina Zhang, Meng Sun, Nengde Zeng, Mingzhe Zhao and Mingda Liu
Agriculture 2026, 16(10), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16101078 - 15 May 2026
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Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soils threatens food security by accumulating in rice grains. This study aimed to elucidate Cd-accumulation mechanisms using major japonica cultivars from Liaoning Province, a key northern Chinese rice-producing region where systematic comparisons remain limited. Four Liaoning japonica varieties [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soils threatens food security by accumulating in rice grains. This study aimed to elucidate Cd-accumulation mechanisms using major japonica cultivars from Liaoning Province, a key northern Chinese rice-producing region where systematic comparisons remain limited. Four Liaoning japonica varieties (low-Cd: YF47, SN9903; high-Cd: QTXT, TJ) were analyzed for Cd accumulation, physiological responses, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and expression of Cd-related transporter genes under Cd stress. Cd distribution in rice plants followed the following order: root > stems and leaves > grain. Varietal differences were attributed to root-to-shoot transport rather than root uptake, as low-Cd varieties exhibited lower transport coefficients and higher root Cd retention. Low-Cd varieties showed smaller MDA increases and significantly higher SOD and CAT activities under Cd stress. Notably, OsLCD was significantly down-regulated in low-Cd varieties but up-regulated in high-Cd varieties, an opposite regulation pattern that clearly distinguishes the two groups. The root-to-shoot translocation process and the OsLCD expression pattern are key determinants differentiating low- from high-Cd japonica varieties. These findings provide region-specific mechanistic insights and screening indicators for breeding low-Cd rice in northern China. Full article
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24 pages, 10487 KB  
Article
Aux/IAA Transcription Factors Modulating Drought-Responsive Root System Remodeling in Potato
by Xueduo Qian, Lin Wang, Tiqian Han, Yijia Wang, Li Wang and Shoujiang Feng
Agriculture 2026, 16(6), 665; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16060665 - 14 Mar 2026
Viewed by 543
Abstract
Aux/IAA proteins function as central transcriptional repressors in auxin signaling and have been implicated in coordinating developmental responses to environmental stress, particularly through modulation of root system architecture. However, the contribution of auxin signaling components to drought-associated root plasticity in improving drought resilience [...] Read more.
Aux/IAA proteins function as central transcriptional repressors in auxin signaling and have been implicated in coordinating developmental responses to environmental stress, particularly through modulation of root system architecture. However, the contribution of auxin signaling components to drought-associated root plasticity in improving drought resilience in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) remains unclear. In this study, we profiled Aux/IAA responses to water deficit across underground tissues by RNA sequencing of root tips, stolon tips, and tubers from two cultivars (Qingshu 9 and Atlantic) with contrasting drought tolerance. Drought treatment induced broad transcriptional changes in the Aux/IAA family, with the majority of members showing increased expression in at least one tissue. qRT-PCR across tissues and developmental stages validated distinct spatiotemporal patterns for selected candidates. Among these, the StIAA3, StIAA6, StIAA22, and StIAA25 genes displayed drought-inducible expression, whereas StIAA24 showed an opposite trend. To probe functional relevance, we generated overexpression and knockdown lines for StIAA3, StIAA6, StIAA22, and StIAA24. Altered expression of these genes was consistently associated with measurable changes in root architecture traits, including root length, diameter, and volume, under water-deficit conditions. These findings reveal insights into the contribution of auxin signaling components to drought-associated root plasticity in potato. The identified drought-responsive Aux/IAA candidates that link root architectural remodeling provide a foundation for mechanistic dissection and underground tissue remodeling of architecture enhancement in root crops. Full article
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Review

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33 pages, 2049 KB  
Review
Molecular Insights into Powdery Mildew Pathogenesis and Resistance in Cucurbitaceous Crops
by Magdalena Pawełkowicz, Agata Głuchowska, Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz, Bartłomiej Zieniuk, Zhimin Yin, Czesław Zamorski and Arkadiusz Przybysz
Agriculture 2025, 15(16), 1743; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15161743 - 14 Aug 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3957
Abstract
Powdery mildew, predominantly caused by Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces orontii, presents a major constraint to cucurbitaceous crop production worldwide. Despite intensive research, the complex interplay between pathogen virulence factors and host immune responses remains only partially understood. Recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics, [...] Read more.
Powdery mildew, predominantly caused by Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces orontii, presents a major constraint to cucurbitaceous crop production worldwide. Despite intensive research, the complex interplay between pathogen virulence factors and host immune responses remains only partially understood. Recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics, and gene editing technologies have shed light on key molecular mechanisms underlying host susceptibility, quantitative resistance, and potential durable control strategies. In this review, we summarize the biology of powdery mildew fungi infecting cucurbits, the latest findings on pathogen effectors, plant defense signaling, and the genetic basis of resistance. We also discuss novel breeding and biotechnological approaches for durable powdery mildew resistance and outline future directions for integrative disease management strategies. Full article
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