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Agriculture
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Advances in Agricultural Techniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
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Advances in Agricultural Techniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2023) | Viewed by 7595

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mohan Lal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India
Interests: breeding; medicinal and aromatic plants; essential oil; diversity; varietal development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As known, medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have wide applications in perfumery, cosmetic, and aroma industries, and pharmaceuticals, meaning that they are in high demand globally. MAPs contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, essential oil, flavonoids, terpenoids, etc., which are of high industrial importance. However, the current demand for MAPs is not fulfilled by the current production. The wild natural habitat of some of the plant species is threatened due to several human activities such as over-exploitation of the plants for traditional medicine purposes, industrialization, urbanization, etc. Therefore, to combat this major problem, conventional and modern breeding techniques are needed for the development of superior varieties that could be utilized for commercial production and benefit the industrial sector. The development of a suitable cultivar, along with maintaining its quality, i.e., by checking its secondary metabolites, will boost the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, most of the medicinal plants used traditionally are not yet explored, which must be validated scientifically based on bioactivities.

Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on various aspects of medicinal and aromatic plants covering MAP domestication, varietal development, genetic diversity, standardization of agro-technology, post-harvest management, breeding techniques, secondary metabolites, and bioactivities. Only research articles and opinions are welcome.

Dr. Mohan Lal
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agriculture is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • agrotechnology
  • breeding techniques of MAPs
  • essential oil
  • germplasm conservation
  • genetic diversity
  • varietal development

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4430 KiB  
Article
LED Light Irradiations Differentially Affect the Physiological Characteristics, Ginsenoside Content, and Expressions of Ginsenoside Biosynthetic Pathway Genes in Panax ginseng
by Ping Di, Zhuo Sun, Lin Cheng, Mei Han, Li Yang and Limin Yang
Agriculture 2023, 13(4), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13040807 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1619
Abstract
Light is essential for plants and plays a vital role in their growth and development. Light irradiation affects the physiological characteristics and synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. As a semi-shade perennial plant, Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. is sensitive to changes in the [...] Read more.
Light is essential for plants and plays a vital role in their growth and development. Light irradiation affects the physiological characteristics and synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. As a semi-shade perennial plant, Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. is sensitive to changes in the light environment. Different light irradiations significantly affect the secondary metabolic processes of P. ginseng. However, few studies have investigated the changes in ginsenoside content in P. ginseng under different light irradiation conditions. In this study, 3-year-old P. ginseng was cultured under white (CK) light, blue (B) light, red (R) light, green (G) light, and natural light (NL) to explore the effects of light irradiation on the physiological characteristics and ginsenoside secondary metabolism of P. ginseng. The B and CK treatments significantly increased the photosynthetic level in P. ginseng leaves. The total saponin content under blue and red light treatments increased by 28.81% and 21.64%, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. Blue and red light improved the transcription levels of ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway genes. Blue light upregulated the expression of HMGR, SS, SE, DS, CYP716A52, and CYP716A47, and the expression of HMGR, SS, SE, DS, and CYP716A47 under red light treatment was significantly upregulated in P. ginseng roots. Principal component and correlation analyses revealed that the physiological and ecological processes of P. ginseng exhibited different responses to light irradiation. The total saponin content in the roots was positively correlated with the content of protopanaxatriol -type ginsenosides and water use efficiency in leaves. Our study indicates that light conditions can be improved by blue and red light or by blue and red film covering to facilitate the accumulation of saponin during the ecological cultivation of P. ginseng. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Techniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants)
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15 pages, 2931 KiB  
Article
Identification and Registration of the Novel High-Rhizome-Yielding Variety Bharamputra-1 of Kaempferia galanga L.
by Mohan Lal, Sunita Munda, Twahira Begum and Sudin Kumar Pandey
Agriculture 2023, 13(2), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020482 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1889
Abstract
Kaempferia galanga is an endangered plant whose recognition as a flavoring agent and perfumery ingredient has increased its demand greatly. Therefore, the present investigation aimed at the identification of high-rhizome-yielding varieties of K. galanga. A total of forty-nine germplasms were collected from different [...] Read more.
Kaempferia galanga is an endangered plant whose recognition as a flavoring agent and perfumery ingredient has increased its demand greatly. Therefore, the present investigation aimed at the identification of high-rhizome-yielding varieties of K. galanga. A total of forty-nine germplasms were collected from different parts of India and planted at CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat experimental farm, during 2013. The two-year evaluation of essential morphological and chemical data was recorded for the selection of superior rhizomes with a high rhizome yield during 2014 and 2015. Subsequently, multi-location field trials were conducted with the selected elite germplasm along with controls using a randomized complete block design, and relevant morphological traits as well as essential oil quality data were recorded for all the lines for three consecutive years during 2016, 2017 and 2018. The essential oil quality was analyzed by using GC/MS. The data obtained were statistically analyzed for stability based on rhizome yield, essential oil yield and days to maturity. A high-rhizome-yielding variety of K. galanga was identified and named Bharamputra-1.Itwas found to be stable in multi-locational trials conducted in Northeast India. The variety showed a mean rhizome yield of 10.01 tones/ha. Stability parameters, namely, βi = 1.13 and σ2di = −0.07 were recorded and found to be superior to those of the other examined varieties. The chemical profiling of the rhizome essential oil of the selected germplasm was also performed using GC/MS, which revealed ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (37.25%), trans-ethyl cinnamate (28.35%), endo-borneol (8.91%), eucalyptol (6.83%), (-)-camphor (3.98%) and 3-carene (3.77%) as the main components. The cultivation of this identified variety could help in the successful commercial cultivation of the crop. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Techniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants)
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9 pages, 1560 KiB  
Article
Hemp Seed Oil Effects on Female Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet and Modulating Adiponectin, Leptin, and Lipid Profile
by Tasneem S. Abu Ghazal, Hadil S. Subih, Belal S. Obeidat and Mofleh S. Awawdeh
Agriculture 2023, 13(2), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020449 - 14 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2124
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing dramatically worldwide. Obesity injuries have been linked to the alteration of many health biomarkers in humans. Consuming a 2.5:1 ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 helps to restore standard health biomarkers. Hemp, the non-psychoactive variety of Cannabis [...] Read more.
Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing dramatically worldwide. Obesity injuries have been linked to the alteration of many health biomarkers in humans. Consuming a 2.5:1 ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 helps to restore standard health biomarkers. Hemp, the non-psychoactive variety of Cannabis Sativa L., has a long history of being used as a source of food, fiber, and medicine. One of its attractive features is the favorable omega-6:omega-3 ratio found in its seed oil (HSO), making it a promising functional food for mitigating obesity-related injuries. Methods: A total of 84 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Two control groups (n = 21 each) were fed with a standard diet supplemented with 10% HSO. Two other equivalent groups consumed a high-fat diet, and one was supplemented with 10% HSO. Rats were euthanized from each group at 5, 10, or 15 weeks to measure body weight change, food intake, and several health biomarkers. Results: The results demonstrated that body weight gain and triglycerides were lower (p ≤ 0.05) for the control group supplemented with HSO compared with the other groups. Adiponectin concentration was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in both the control and high-fat treated groups. Other biomarkers were comparable among treatment diets. Conclusion: Our results suggest the usefulness of HSO supplementation for the overall health status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Techniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants)
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12 pages, 791 KiB  
Article
Effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine Combined with Prohexadione-Ca on Yield and Quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Hangbaiju
by Yuqin Zhang, Cun Guo, Jing Hu, Fangyu Liu, Sha Fu, Xiaomeng Guo, Qian Chen, Li Zhang, Lixiang Zhu and Xin Hou
Agriculture 2023, 13(2), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020444 - 14 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1364
Abstract
Increasing shoot branch numbers of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Hangbaiju (Hangbaiju) is crucial for producing high flower yields. Pot experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) combined with prohexadione-Ca (Pro-Ca) on the yield and quality of Hangbaiju [...] Read more.
Increasing shoot branch numbers of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Hangbaiju (Hangbaiju) is crucial for producing high flower yields. Pot experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) combined with prohexadione-Ca (Pro-Ca) on the yield and quality of Hangbaiju flowers. Foliar application of 6-BA combined with Pro-Ca typically increased leaf chlorophyll content and decreased leaf soluble sugar and soluble protein contents throughout the floral organ growth phase. At the bud formation phenophase stage (August), the contents of gibberellin (GA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and zeatin (ZA) decreased (except for GA content in the 10 mg L−1 6-BA combined with 100 mg L−1 Pro-Ca treatment), but abscisic acid (ABA) content increased. The yield of Hangbaiju flowers was found higher in plants treated with foliar application of 6-BA combined with Pro-Ca. Higher yields were found in the 6-BA5 + Ca100 and 6-BA10 + Ca100 treatments than in the 6-BA5 + Ca50 and 6-BA10 + Ca50 treatments, and the highest yield was observed in the 6-Ba5 + Ca100 treatment both in 2019 and 2020. Nutritional indices such as soluble sugar, soluble protein, total amino acid, and water extract increased, and medicinal indices such as flavonoid, total phenolics, chlorogenic acid, cynaroside, and 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid slightly decreased after foliar application of 6-BA combined with Pro-Ca; however, they were all higher than the standards recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. Overall, foliar application of 6-BA combined with Pro-Ca could increase the yield and nutritional quality of Hangbaiju flowers, enhancing its tea quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Techniques of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants)
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