Most Recent

Aim: This study compared spectral profile analysis thresholds, speech-in-noise perception, and cerebral asymmetry among Carnatic musicians, Bharatanatyam dancers, and non-trained individuals and examined the influence of training duration on these me...

Background/Objectives: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising modality for fatigue detection because it directly reflects neural states; however, it is hindered by the need for subject-specific calibration and its reliance on unstable labeling....

Background/Objectives: Perceptual awareness and decision formation unfold gradually as sensory evidence increases. Near the threshold of awareness, small differences in neural processing efficiency can be amplified into marked behavioral variability....

Background: Our recent studies indicate that astrocytes in a key mesocorticolimbic region play an important role in nicotine reinforcement. Nicotine self-administration elevated the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the nucle...

Background/Objectives: Esketamine-related dissociation is a transient, pharmacologically induced altered state that differs from the trait-like pathological dissociation typically observed in trauma-related conditions. While most studies have quantif...

Objectives: Decoding neural patterns for RGB colors from electroencephalography (EEG) signals is an important step towards advancing the use of visual features as input for brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). This study aims to overcome challenge...

While phosphatidylserine (PS) is recognized for its neuroprotective properties, the effects of PS purity on human cortical neurons remain unexplored. This study investigates the effects of three different PS purities (15 µM of 50%, 70%, and 80%...

Background/Objectives: Neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) can impair manual dexterity and strength in healthcare professionals. Due to their high physical and cognitive workloads, physiotherapists (PTs) are particularly susceptible to NMF. This study invest...

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication, reciprocity, and adaptive behavior. Converging neurobiological evidence suggests that these clinical features arise fro...

Background and Purpose: Progressive multiple sclerosis impairs cognitive and motor functions and reduces quality of life. Complex goal-directed movements are challenging due to cognitive deficits, whereas in-phase bilateral exercises require less att...

The endocannabinoid system is a ubiquitous neuromodulatory network that links internal physiological state to neural circuit function across the brain. While its roles in memory, reward, pain, and motor control are well established, its contribution...

Background: Ketamine and magnesium sulfate are commonly used perioperatively to prevent shivering, a frequent and clinically relevant complication of spinal and general anesthesia. Although their hypothermic effects are well documented, the neurotran...

This year, the selection criteria for highly cited articles in the ‘Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience’ section of Brain Sciences were focused on publications that achieved a citation count of 10 or more during 2024. Applying this metric...

Objectives: Addiction disorders remain a major challenge in contemporary psychiatry due to high relapse rates and significant individual and societal burden. Despite advances in addiction neurobiology, current diagnostic frameworks and dominant model...

Background/Objectives: Concussions produce a wide array of symptoms that are often subtle and difficult to quantify. One such symptom involves reaction or response time (RT), consisting of perceptual latency time (LT) and movement time (MT). This pil...

Background: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has shown potential in improving negative symptoms (NS) and Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia (CIAS). However, heterogeneity in stimulation protocols and sample characteristi...

Anosognosia (from the ancient Greek—a-, “without,” nosos, “disease,” and gnōsis, “knowledge”) has been recognised as one of the most complex syndromes investigated from different theoretical and clinical...

Background/Objectives: Adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) is a spinal disease causing pain and reduced mobility, often occurring with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). While fusion stabilizes the spine, it has drawbacks like loss of motion...

Background/Objectives: Older adults with hearing loss frequently report increased listening effort and fatigue, particularly in complex auditory environments. These subjective experiences may reflect increased cognitive resource allocation during bot...

Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social communications and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests, affecting approximately 1% of childr...

Background: Spine surgeries present challenges for patients, including postoperative pain and difficulties with mobilization. Studies indicate that fear and anxiety prolong recovery; multidisciplinary care, including psychoeducation, which informs pa...

Background: During social foraging, individuals typically adopt one of two mutually exclusive strategies: (1) producing, which involves searching for, discovering, and acquiring resources, or (2) scrounging, which entails exploiting resources previou...

The clinical management of neurological and psychiatric disorders is currently witnessing a paradigm shift [...]

Background/Objectives: Accented speech reflects systematic deviation from target-language phonetic norms. This study demonstrates that perceived accent strength covaries with selective, gradient differences in phonological feature realization. We exa...

Background: Case marking serves as a crucial cue in sentence processing, enabling the prediction of upcoming arguments, thematic roles, and event structure. Cross-linguistic studies have revealed language-specific variations in case processing, with...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex interactions across molecular, cellular, circuit, and behavioral scales. While experimental and clinical studies have provided critical insights in...

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in medicine, leveraging rapid analysis of large datasets to accelerate diagnosis, enhance clinical decision-making, and improve clinical workflows. This is highly relevant...

Background: Accented speech contains talker-indexical cues that listeners can use to infer social group membership, yet it remains unclear how the auditory system categorizes accent variability and how this process depends on language experience. Met...

Background: Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) consist of a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal impairment, urinary dysfunction, sleep disturbances, fatigue and psychiatric disorders. Mood disorders like anxiety and depression are lin...

Background/Objectives: Haemodynamic changes following ischaemic large-vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke might affect clinical outcome, including after endovascular recanalization. Using non-invasive quantitative MRA (qMRA), we report for the first time s...

Background: Prior research has provided evidence supporting the claim that actigaming may offer benefits for individuals’ emotions. However, the impact of actigaming on emotional attentional biases remains uncertain. Objective: To address this...

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Delta Neutrophil Index (DNI) and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in distinguishing malignant from benign primary brain tumors during the preoperative period. Methods: This retro...

Background/Objectives: This pilot study explored the applicability and preliminary clinical outcomes of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST), an evidence-based cognitive intervention for people with mild and moderate dementia, in elderly individuals w...

Background: Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a patterned form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), has gained increasing attention as a time-efficient neuromodulation protocol for major depressive disorder (MDD). Howeve...

Background: The efficacy of real-time fMRI neurofeedback (NFB) depends critically on how feedback is presented and perceived by the participant. Although various visual feedback designs are used in practice, there is limited evidence on the impact of...

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment for spinal cord injuries (SCIs) to mitigate a secondary injury and enhance neurological recovery. While the preclinical evidence is consistently supportive, cli...

Current research highlights the clinical heterogeneity of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and, particularly, of OCD rituals, which are engrained in a variety of developmental pathways, psychopathological vulnerabilities, internal perturbati...

Background/Objectives: SLC13A5 encodes a sodium–citrate cotransporter implicated in early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and metabolic brain dysfunction, yet its developmental regulation and molecular context in the human brain remain inco...

Background/Objectives: Accurate sleep stage classification is essential for evaluating sleep quality and diagnosing sleep disorders. Despite recent advances in deep learning, existing models inadequately represent complex brain dynamics, particularly...

Background/Objectives: This pilot study employed a quasi-experimental, single-group, pre-post design to examine the acute effects of single music lessons on executive function and to explore whether affective changes are associated with cognitive imp...

Background: Vascular disease is a known risk factor for the development of leukoaraiosis. Assessment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was performed at baseline and after acetazolamide (AZM) challenge to evaluate for vascular reserve and steal within the...

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to manage acid-related gastrointestinal conditions. Nevertheless, growing attention has been paid to their long-term safety, especially their possible link to dementia and Alzheimer’s...

Background/Objectives: From birth, infants learn how to interact with the world through exploration. It has been proposed that this early learning phase is driven by motor babbling: the spontaneous generation of exploratory movements that are progres...

Objectives: The present study aimed to explore psychiatrists’ perceptions of duloxetine in routine clinical practice, focusing on its efficacy, tolerability, and treatment adherence in major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety dis...

Background: Following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), ACLR patients often experience quadriceps dysfunction, potentially linked to increased corticospinal excitability. However, the role of motor cortex neuroadaptations in persisten...

Background/Objectives: Sichuan Mandarin is often described as exhibiting overlap or merger between word-initial /n/ and /l/, but perceptual sensitivity across phonetic contexts remains underexplored. This study examines whether perception of the /n-l...

Neuroimmune interactions play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), with microglia acting as key mediators of neuroinflammation. Microglia exhibit...

Background: this paper reports an investigation into the cognitive and emotional states of adolescents while learning from an LLM. It seeks to address a relative dearth in empirical evidence which might otherwise facilitate informed decisions being m...

Neural oscillations are fundamental to the integration of sensory, affective, and cognitive processes that contribute to pain perception. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) provides a valuable tool for investigating and modulating th...

Background/Objectives: Motor imagery (MI) is the mental practice of motor actions with temporal dynamics and neural features in common with motor execution (ME). Although MI can improve motor performance, it remains unclear how closely performance-re...