Effect of Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen in Cancer and Inflammation

As of 2020, liver cancer has emerged as the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, following lung and colorectal cancers. The most prevalent type is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), originating from hepatocytes. Despite advancements, liver cancer treatment outcomes remain poor due to metastasis and recurrence. Existing anticancer drugs often exhibit narrow therapeutic windows and limited selectivity for cancer cells. Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen has attracted significant scientific attention because of its diverse bioactive constituents and potential therapeutic properties. Of particular interest in this review, we explored the molecular connectivity of oxidative stress-induced liver cancer. We discussed the underlying mechanisms of Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen involved in cancer and inflammation. The phytochemical constituents were also highlighted in this study. The phytochemicals reported from Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen included flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds. These compounds demonstrated potential anticancer activities through mechanisms such as induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, modulation of oxidative stress, and regulation of PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. Further investigations are required to clarify the benefit–risk profile of Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen through large-scale clinical trials. Collectively, the current evidence suggests that this plant may offer a promising strategy for cancer management, provided that such interventions are optimized to minimize adverse effects.