This study investigates the comparative impact of fermentation versus conventional extraction methods on the bioactive potency of “FERMENZA”, a patented, affordable, natural fermented cider-based topical formulation. Through comprehensive in vitro analysis, the fermented extract demonstrated superior antioxidant efficacy, with an IC
50 value
[...] Read more.
This study investigates the comparative impact of fermentation versus conventional extraction methods on the bioactive potency of “FERMENZA”, a patented, affordable, natural fermented cider-based topical formulation. Through comprehensive in vitro analysis, the fermented extract demonstrated superior antioxidant efficacy, with an IC
50 value of 0.77 ± 0.03 mg/mL, significantly outperforming solvent and steam-distilled extracts, which showed IC
50 values of 2.49 ± 0.01 mg/mL and 4.11 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Notably, the nitric oxide scavenging activity of the fermented extracts was markedly higher than that of conventional extracts, with IC
50 values ranging from 1.12 ± 0.03 to 2.29 ± 0.03 mg/mL. Fermentation also enhanced total phenolic content (TPC), with mixed fruit extracts (pomegranate-beetroot, banana-papaya) reaching TPC levels of 2.43 ± 0.03 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, surpassing individual and conventionally processed samples. The study employed a Quality by Design approach to optimize fermentation conditions, achieving peak yields of gallic acid and TPC at 35 °C and 72 h, which further validates the process affordability. Under these conditions, the fermented extracts from pomegranate and beetroot demonstrated exceptional antimicrobial properties against
E. coli,
S. aureus,
P. aeruginosa,
P. acne, and
M. furfur, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.25 mg/mL to 0.60 mg/mL, superior to those observed in conventionally extracted samples from pomegranate and beetroot. These findings highlight the efficacy of fermentation in enhancing bioactive compound availability, positioning FERMENZA as a potent fermented formulation for probable skin and hair-related cosmeceutical applications.
Full article