Replaced Reference
There was an error in the original publication [1]. One of the original published references [5] could not be located online, and the DOI linked to a different, unrelated article. A correction has been made to replace Reference 5 with an appropriate reference.
Original Reference
5. Blemker, S.S.; Gaige, T.A.; Gilbert, R.J. Modeling of volumetric tongue deformation using MRI-based finite element analysis. J. Biomech. 2016, 49, 1839–1845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.024.
Corrected Reference
5. Mijailovich, S.M.; Stojanovic, B.; Kojic, M.; Liang, A.; Wedeen, V.J.; Gilbert, R.J. Derivation of a finite-element model of lingual deformation during swallowing from the mechanics of mesoscale myofiber tracts obtained by MRI. J. Appl. Physiol. 2010, 109, 1500–1514. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00493.2010.
Updated References
These additional minor corrections have been made for reference errors in the original publication [1].
Reference 7
The originally published reference was missing two authors, Fangxu Xing and Junghoon Lee. The corrected reference is as follows:
7. Woo, J.; Xing, F.; Lee, J.; Stone, M.; Prince, J.L. A spatio-temporal atlas and statistical model of the tongue during speech from cine-MRI. Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. Imaging Vis. 2018, 6, 520–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681163.2016.1169220.
References 8, 12, 14, and 16–19
The titles in the published reference list did not match the title listed in Crossref/Google Scholar. The corrected references are as follows:
8. Fukuda, T.; Kohzuka, Y.; Almeida, F.R.; Iijima, T.; Masuda, R.; Tsuiki, S. Control of Tongue Position in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Concept and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6026. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20116026.
12. Govardhan, C.; Murdock, J.; Norouz-Knutsen, L.; Valcu-Pinkerton, S.; Zaghi, S. Lingual and Maxillary Labial Frenuloplasty with Myofunctional Therapy as a Treatment for Mouth Breathing and Snoring. Case Rep. Otolaryngol. 2019, 2019, 3408053. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3408053.
14. Feștilă, D.; Ciobotaru, C.D.; Suciu, T.; Olteanu, C.D.; Ghergie, M. Oral Breathing Effects on Malocclusions and Mandibular Posture: Complex Consequences on Dentofacial Development in Pediatric Orthodontics. Children 2025, 12, 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12010072.
16. Trabalon, M.; Schaal, B. It Takes a Mouth to Eat and a Nose to Breathe: Abnormal Oral Respiration Affects Neonates’ Oral Competence and Systemic Adaptation. Int. J. Pediatr. 2012, 2012, 207605. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/207605.
17. Sasaki, C.T.; Levine, M.S.; Laitman, J.T.; Crelin, E.S. Postnatal Descent of the Epiglottis in Man: A Preliminary Report. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1977, 103, 169–171. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1977.00780200095011.
18. Sato, K.; Chitose, S.I.; Sato, K.; Sato, F.; Ono, T.; Umeno, H. Growth and Development of Epiglottis and Preepiglottic Space of Larynx as It Acquires Vocal Tract. Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol. 2024, 9, e1288. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.1288.
19. Maynard, T.M.; Zohn, I.E.; Moody, S.A.; LaMantia, A.S. Suckling, Feeding, and Swallowing: Behaviors, Circuits, and Targets for Neurodevelopmental Pathology. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2020, 43, 315–336. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-100419-100636.
The author states that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
Reference
- Sigal, A. Changes in Tongue Resting Posture Following Pediatric Lingual Frenotomy: Evidence for the Tongue as a Muscular Hydrostat. Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 2026, 52, 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
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© 2026 by the author. Published by MDPI on behalf of the International Association of Orofacial Myology (IAOM). Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.