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10.52010/ijom.1994.20.1.3
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International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy is published by MDPI from Volume 51 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with the previous journal publisher.
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Article

An Examination of Alveolar Stop Retraction During Pacifier Use

by
Norman Garber
* and
Mary E. Reynolds
School of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 1994, 20(1), 22-26; https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1994.20.1.3
Submission received: 1 November 1994 / Revised: 1 November 1994 / Accepted: 1 November 1994 / Published: 1 November 1994

Abstract

Employing a single subject A-B-A experimental design, a four year old female with normal articulation and a history of pacifier use was observed to demonstrate alveolar stop retraction more than fifty percent of the time while using her orthodontic device. Contextual factors appeared to have played a role in this variability. Upon confirming this phenomenon in the four year old subject, a follow-up investigation was undertaken with seven children between the ages of three and five years. All subjects had age appropriate articulation skills with no evidence of alveolar stop retraction without the pacifier in place and only rarely with the pacifier in place (0.85%). Implications of these findings and the need for further research are discussed.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Garber, N.; Reynolds, M.E. An Examination of Alveolar Stop Retraction During Pacifier Use. Int. J. Orofac. Myol. Myofunct. Ther. 1994, 20, 22-26. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1994.20.1.3

AMA Style

Garber N, Reynolds ME. An Examination of Alveolar Stop Retraction During Pacifier Use. International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy. 1994; 20(1):22-26. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1994.20.1.3

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garber, Norman, and Mary E. Reynolds. 1994. "An Examination of Alveolar Stop Retraction During Pacifier Use" International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy 20, no. 1: 22-26. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1994.20.1.3

APA Style

Garber, N., & Reynolds, M. E. (1994). An Examination of Alveolar Stop Retraction During Pacifier Use. International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy, 20(1), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.52010/ijom.1994.20.1.3

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