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Radiation, Volume 5, Issue 2 (June 2025) – 5 articles

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13 pages, 5627 KiB  
Article
No Survival Effect in Cell Lines with Different Growth Factor-Induced Division Rates, but with Different Fractionation Schemes
by Lena Blanke, Laura S. Hildebrand, Rainer Fietkau and Luitpold Distel
Radiation 2025, 5(2), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/radiation5020014 - 29 Apr 2025
Viewed by 137
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the growth rate of tumor cells and their fractionation gain. Two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines, one human papillomavirus (HPV) negative (HPV−) and one HPV+, and a primary [...] Read more.
The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the growth rate of tumor cells and their fractionation gain. Two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines, one human papillomavirus (HPV) negative (HPV−) and one HPV+, and a primary fibroblast cell line were supplemented with four different concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to achieve different division rates. The effect of five different fractionation regimens was studied, namely 1 × 10 Gy, 2 × 5 Gy, 3 × 3.3 Gy, 4 × 2.5 Gy, and 5 × 2 Gy. Survival was studied using the colony-forming assay. Different concentrations of FBS were used to achieve different doubling rates for all cell lines. The HPV+ cell line was significantly more sensitive to radiation than the HPV− cell line in all fractionation schemes. The fibroblast cell line was less sensitive at low fractionation compared to the tumor cell lines. Low fractionation had a significantly higher effect, except for 5 × 2 Gy fractionation, which had a higher effect than 4 × 2.5 Gy. The number of radiosensitive mitoses during irradiation in the fractionation scheme could not explain the higher effect of 5 × 2 Gy. There was no difference in survival with the four different concentrations of FBS in all three cell lines and different fractionations. The doubling time (DT) rates of cell lines resulting from FBS deprivation do not reflect the expected increased radiation sensitivity of rapidly dividing cells. Full article
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19 pages, 20636 KiB  
Case Report
Implementing Neurosurgery and Cesium-131 Brachytherapy in Veterinary Medicine: A Veterinary Case Study with a Review of Clinical Usage of Cesium-131 for Brain Tumors in Human Patients and Opportunities for Translational Research
by Isabelle F. Vanhaezebrouck, R. Timothy Bentley, Alex Georgiades, Susan Arnold, Joshua A. Young, Nathan Claus, Laura Danaher, Joshua B. Klutzke and Matthew L. Scarpelli
Radiation 2025, 5(2), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/radiation5020013 - 15 Apr 2025
Viewed by 347
Abstract
This article explores the implementation of Cesium-131 brachytherapy in veterinary academia, challenging the prevailing use of external beam therapy for small animal brain tumors. The authors report on the first ever canine patient treated with Cesium-131. While recent advances like intensity-modulated and stereotactic [...] Read more.
This article explores the implementation of Cesium-131 brachytherapy in veterinary academia, challenging the prevailing use of external beam therapy for small animal brain tumors. The authors report on the first ever canine patient treated with Cesium-131. While recent advances like intensity-modulated and stereotactic radiation therapies gain ground, brachytherapy remains underutilized in veterinary practice, primarily due to regulatory hurdles. In contrast, Cesium-131 brachytherapy, widely adopted in human medicine for neoplasia within the brain, presents advantages such as a short half-life, low kilovolt emission, and enhanced safety. Motivated by the need to eliminate post-surgery radiation delays, our academic center undertakes Cesium-131 brachytherapy for small animals, aiming to gather preliminary clinical data on disease-free intervals and survival rates. Comparative analyses against historical external beam therapy data may offer insights applicable to the human neuro-radiation community. Additionally, the technique’s implementation could initiate preclinical platform for combined intracavitary treatments, particularly immunotherapy, leveraging brachytherapy’s spatial dose distribution heterogeneity to influence the tumor microenvironment and enhance the immune response. The authors outline the adaptation of the technique on a canine glioma patient to provide preliminary feasibility results, describe the principal indications and outcomes of Cesium-131 for human brain tumors, and discuss prospects for advancing veterinary neuro-brachytherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Innovative Radiation Therapies)
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1 pages, 121 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Patching, S.G. Spermidine Binding to the Acetinobacter baumannii Efflux Protein AceI Observed by Near-UV Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. Radiation 2022, 2, 228–233
by Radiation Editorial Office
Radiation 2025, 5(2), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/radiation5020012 - 11 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Radiation’s Editorial Office wishes to make the following changes to the published article [...] Full article
15 pages, 2995 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Predicting Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) Response in Unresectable Breast Cancer
by Mateusz Bielecki, Khadijeh Saednia, Fang-I Lu, Shely Kagan, Danny Vesprini, Katarzyna J. Jerzak, Roberto Salgado, Raffi Karshafian and William T. Tran
Radiation 2025, 5(2), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/radiation5020011 - 2 Apr 2025
Viewed by 393
Abstract
Background: Patients with advanced breast cancer (BC) may be treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for tumor control. Variable treatment responses are a clinical challenge and there is a need to predict tumor radiosensitivity a priori. There is evidence showing that tumor infiltrating [...] Read more.
Background: Patients with advanced breast cancer (BC) may be treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for tumor control. Variable treatment responses are a clinical challenge and there is a need to predict tumor radiosensitivity a priori. There is evidence showing that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are markers for chemotherapy response; however, this association has not yet been validated in breast radiation therapy. This pilot study investigates the computational analysis of TILs to predict SABR response in patients with inoperable BC. Methods: Patients with inoperable breast cancer (n = 22) were included for analysis and classified into partial response (n = 12) and stable disease (n = 10) groups. Pre-treatment tumor biopsies (n = 104) were prepared, digitally imaged, and underwent computational analysis. Whole slide images (WSIs) were pre-processed, and then a pre-trained convolutional neural network model (CNN) was employed to identify the regions of interest. The TILs were annotated, and spatial graph features were extracted. The clinical and spatial features were collected and analyzed using machine learning (ML) classifiers, including K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machines (SVMs), and Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), to predict the SABR response. The models were evaluated using receiver operator characteristics (ROCs) and area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Results: The KNN, SVM, and GNB models were implemented using clinical and graph features. Among the generated prediction models, the graph features showed higher predictive performances compared to the models containing clinical features alone. The highest-performing model, using computationally derived graph features, showed an AUC of 0.92, while the highest clinical model showed an AUC of 0.62 within unseen test sets. Conclusions: Spatial TIL models demonstrate strong potential for predicting SABR response in inoperable breast cancer. TILs indicate a higher independent predictive performance than clinical-level features alone. Full article
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20 pages, 4837 KiB  
Review
Effects Induced in Human Cells and Tissues by Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation: A Review of Vibrational Spectroscopy Contributions
by Ines Delfino, Maria Daniela Falco, Maria Lepore and M. Portaccio
Radiation 2025, 5(2), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/radiation5020010 - 31 Mar 2025
Viewed by 388
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to low doses and low-dose rates of ionizing radiation from both natural and man-made sources. For this reason, there is a growing interest in studies on the biological effects of low-dose radiation. Vibrational spectroscopies, such as Fourier transform infrared [...] Read more.
Humans are constantly exposed to low doses and low-dose rates of ionizing radiation from both natural and man-made sources. For this reason, there is a growing interest in studies on the biological effects of low-dose radiation. Vibrational spectroscopies, such as Fourier transform infrared and Raman micro-spectroscopies, have been fruitfully employed for studying the effects of high doses of ionizing radiation on biosystems. Aiming at clarifying the potential of the above-mentioned spectroscopic techniques to monitor the changes induced in cells, tissues, and other biological samples by low doses of ionizing radiations, we report a review of the literature in this research field. The analysis of published results suggests that vibrational spectroscopies make a valuable contribution. Additional and more systematic investigations could help to fully exploit the capabilities of these spectroscopic techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibrational Spectroscopy in Radiobiology)
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