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Review

Quantum Computing: Navigating the Future of Computation, Challenges, and Technological Breakthroughs

by
Qurban A. Memon
1,
Mahmoud Al Ahmad
1,* and
Michael Pecht
2
1
Electrical and Communication Engineering Department, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
2
Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Quantum Rep. 2024, 6(4), 627-663; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum6040039
Submission received: 2 November 2024 / Revised: 12 November 2024 / Accepted: 13 November 2024 / Published: 16 November 2024

Abstract

Quantum computing stands at the precipice of technological revolution, promising unprecedented computational capabilities to tackle some of humanity’s most complex problems. The field is highly collaborative and recent developments such as superconducting qubits with increased scaling, reduced error rates, and improved cryogenic infrastructure, trapped-ion qubits with high-fidelity gates and reduced control hardware complexity, and photonic qubits with exploring room-temperature quantum computing are some of the key developments pushing the field closer to demonstrating real-world applications. However, the path to realizing this promise is fraught with significant obstacles across several key platforms, including sensitivity to errors, decoherence, scalability, and the need for new materials and technologies. Through an exploration of various quantum systems, this paper highlights both the potential and the challenges of quantum computing and discusses the essential role of middleware, quantum hardware development, and the strategic investments required to propel the field forward. With a focus on overcoming technical hurdles through innovation and interdisciplinary research, this review underscores the transformative impact quantum computing could have across diverse sectors.
Keywords: computation; noise; quantum; quantum computers; reliability computation; noise; quantum; quantum computers; reliability

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Memon, Q.A.; Al Ahmad, M.; Pecht, M. Quantum Computing: Navigating the Future of Computation, Challenges, and Technological Breakthroughs. Quantum Rep. 2024, 6, 627-663. https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum6040039

AMA Style

Memon QA, Al Ahmad M, Pecht M. Quantum Computing: Navigating the Future of Computation, Challenges, and Technological Breakthroughs. Quantum Reports. 2024; 6(4):627-663. https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum6040039

Chicago/Turabian Style

Memon, Qurban A., Mahmoud Al Ahmad, and Michael Pecht. 2024. "Quantum Computing: Navigating the Future of Computation, Challenges, and Technological Breakthroughs" Quantum Reports 6, no. 4: 627-663. https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum6040039

APA Style

Memon, Q. A., Al Ahmad, M., & Pecht, M. (2024). Quantum Computing: Navigating the Future of Computation, Challenges, and Technological Breakthroughs. Quantum Reports, 6(4), 627-663. https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum6040039

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