Stats, Volume 6, Issue 4
December 2023 - 23 articles
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Cover Story: Although large sample size (n) data are generally viewed as a blessing for yielding more precise and reliable evidence, it is often overlooked that such gains are contingent upon certain conditions being met. The primary condition is the statistical adequacy of the invoked statistical model Mθ(x). For a statistically adequate Mθ(x) and a given significance level α, as n increases, the power of a test increases and the p-value decreases, due to the inherent trade-off between type I and type II error probabilities. This raises concerns about the veracity of declaring ‘statistical significance’ using α = 0.05, 0.025, 0.01, when n is very large. This problem can be addressed using the post-data severity evaluation of the testing results, which converts them into evidence for germane inferential claims. View this paper