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Colloids and Interfaces
Volume 3
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10.3390/colloids3020046
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Article

Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall

by
Doron Kam
1,2,
Michael Chasnitsky
3,
Chen Nowogrodski
1,
Ido Braslavsky
3,
Tiffany Abitbol
4,
Shlomo Magdassi
2,* and
Oded Shoseyov
1,*
1
Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
2
Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
3
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
4
RISE, Stockholm 114 28, Sweden
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Colloids Interfaces 2019, 3(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids3020046
Submission received: 20 February 2019 / Revised: 15 April 2019 / Accepted: 17 April 2019 / Published: 19 April 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colloids and Interfaces in Printing Technology)
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Abstract

Aerogel objects inspired by plant cell wall components and structures were fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing at cryogenic temperatures. The printing process combines 3D printing with the alignment of rod-shaped nanoparticles through the freeze-casting of aqueous inks. We have named this method direct cryo writing (DCW) as it encompasses in a single processing step traditional directional freeze casting and the spatial fidelity of 3D printing. DCW is demonstrated with inks that are composed of an aqueous mixture of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and xyloglucan (XG), which are the major building blocks of plant cell walls. Rapid fixation of the inks is achieved through tailored rheological properties and controlled directional freezing. Morphological evaluation revealed the role of ice crystal growth in the alignment of CNCs and XG. The structure of the aerogels changed from organized and tubular to disordered and flakey pores with an increase in XG content. The internal structure of the printed objects mimics the structure of various wood species and can therefore be used to create wood-like structures via additive manufacturing technologies using only renewable wood-based materials.
Keywords: nanocellulose; 3D printing; aerogels; ice templating; biomimetics nanocellulose; 3D printing; aerogels; ice templating; biomimetics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kam, D.; Chasnitsky, M.; Nowogrodski, C.; Braslavsky, I.; Abitbol, T.; Magdassi, S.; Shoseyov, O. Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall. Colloids Interfaces 2019, 3, 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids3020046

AMA Style

Kam D, Chasnitsky M, Nowogrodski C, Braslavsky I, Abitbol T, Magdassi S, Shoseyov O. Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall. Colloids and Interfaces. 2019; 3(2):46. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids3020046

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kam, Doron, Michael Chasnitsky, Chen Nowogrodski, Ido Braslavsky, Tiffany Abitbol, Shlomo Magdassi, and Oded Shoseyov. 2019. "Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall" Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 2: 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids3020046

APA Style

Kam, D., Chasnitsky, M., Nowogrodski, C., Braslavsky, I., Abitbol, T., Magdassi, S., & Shoseyov, O. (2019). Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall. Colloids and Interfaces, 3(2), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids3020046

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