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Volume 11
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10.3390/batteries11050182
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Water-Based Fire-Extinguishing Agent of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Fire via an Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy TOPSIS Decision-Marking Method

by
Shuai Yuan
1,
Kuo Wang
2,
Feng Tai
1,
Donghao Cheng
1,3,*,
Qi Zhang
4,
Yujie Cui
5,
Xinming Qian
2,
Chunwen Sun
6,*,
Song Liu
7 and
Xin Chen
7
1
China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology, Beijing 100028, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100084, China
3
Engineering and Technical Research Center of Civil Aviation Safety Analysis and Prevention of Beijing, China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology, Beijing 100028, China
4
College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
5
College of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
6
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
7
Flight College, Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou 256603, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Batteries 2025, 11(5), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11050182
Submission received: 17 March 2025 / Revised: 13 April 2025 / Accepted: 30 April 2025 / Published: 2 May 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

It is well known that the safety concerns surrounding lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), such as fire and explosion, are currently a bottleneck problem for the large-scale usage of energy storage power stations. The study of water-based fire-extinguishing agents used for LIBs is a promising direction. How to choose a suitable water-based fire-extinguishing agent is a significant scientific problem. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation model, including four primary indexes and eleven secondary indexes was established, which was used in the scenario of an electrochemical energy storage power station. The model is only suitable for assessing water-based fire extinguishing for suppressing lithium iron phosphate battery fire. Based on the comprehensive evaluation index system and extinguishing experiment data, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with fuzzy TOPSIS was used to evaluate the performances of the three kinds of water-based fire-extinguishing agents. According to the results of the fuzzy binary contrast method, the three kinds of fire-extinguishing agents could be ranked as follows: YS1000 > F-500 additive > pure water. The study provided a method for choosing and preparing a suitable fire-extinguishing agent for lithium iron phosphate batteries.
Keywords: lithium iron phosphate battery fire; water-based fire-extinguishing agent; analytic hierarchy process; fuzzy TOPSIS lithium iron phosphate battery fire; water-based fire-extinguishing agent; analytic hierarchy process; fuzzy TOPSIS

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yuan, S.; Wang, K.; Tai, F.; Cheng, D.; Zhang, Q.; Cui, Y.; Qian, X.; Sun, C.; Liu, S.; Chen, X. A Water-Based Fire-Extinguishing Agent of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Fire via an Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy TOPSIS Decision-Marking Method. Batteries 2025, 11, 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11050182

AMA Style

Yuan S, Wang K, Tai F, Cheng D, Zhang Q, Cui Y, Qian X, Sun C, Liu S, Chen X. A Water-Based Fire-Extinguishing Agent of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Fire via an Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy TOPSIS Decision-Marking Method. Batteries. 2025; 11(5):182. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11050182

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuan, Shuai, Kuo Wang, Feng Tai, Donghao Cheng, Qi Zhang, Yujie Cui, Xinming Qian, Chunwen Sun, Song Liu, and Xin Chen. 2025. "A Water-Based Fire-Extinguishing Agent of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Fire via an Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy TOPSIS Decision-Marking Method" Batteries 11, no. 5: 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11050182

APA Style

Yuan, S., Wang, K., Tai, F., Cheng, D., Zhang, Q., Cui, Y., Qian, X., Sun, C., Liu, S., & Chen, X. (2025). A Water-Based Fire-Extinguishing Agent of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Fire via an Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy TOPSIS Decision-Marking Method. Batteries, 11(5), 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11050182

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