Comparison of Protein Carbonyl (PCO), Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Septic Inflammation in Dogs

Ruggerone, Beatrice; Scavone, Donatella; Troìa, Roberta; Giunti, Massimo; Dondi, Francesco; Paltrinieri, Saverio

doi:10.3390/vetsci8060093

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Protein Carbonyl (PCO), Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Septic Inflammation in Dogs

by

Beatrice Ruggerone

^1,2,3

,

Donatella Scavone

^1,2

,

Roberta Troìa

⁴,

Massimo Giunti

^4,*

,

Francesco Dondi

⁴

and

Saverio Paltrinieri

^1,2

¹

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milano, Italy

²

Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy

³

Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi, Via Roma, 57/a, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy

⁴

Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emila (BO), 40064 Bologna, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(6), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8060093

Submission received: 2 May 2021 / Revised: 19 May 2021 / Accepted: 26 May 2021 / Published: 29 May 2021

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Abstract

Reliable diagnostic and prognostic markers of sepsis are lacking, but essential in veterinary medicine. We aimed to assess the accuracy of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), protein carbonyls (PCO) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in differentiating dogs with sepsis from those with sterile inflammation and healthy ones, and predict the outcome in septic dogs. These analytes were retrospectively evaluated at admission in 92 dogs classified into healthy, septic and polytraumatized. Groups were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by a Mann–Whitney U test to assess differences between survivors and non-survivors. Correlation between analytes was assessed using the Spearman’s test, and their discriminating power was assessed through a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. PON1 and CRP were, respectively, significantly lower and higher in dogs with sepsis compared with polytraumatized and clinically healthy dogs (p < 0.001 for both the analytes), and also in dogs with trauma compared with healthy dogs (p = 0.011 and p = 0.017, respectively). PCO were significantly increased in septic (p < 0.001) and polytraumatized (p < 0.005) as compared with healthy dogs. PON1 and CRP were, respectively, significantly lower and higher in dogs that died compared with survivors (p < 0.001 for both analytes). Ultimately, evaluation of CRP and PON1 at admission seems a reliable support to diagnose sepsis and predict outcomes.

Keywords: acute phase protein; canine; inflammation; oxidative stress; prognosis; sepsis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ruggerone, B.; Scavone, D.; Troìa, R.; Giunti, M.; Dondi, F.; Paltrinieri, S. Comparison of Protein Carbonyl (PCO), Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Septic Inflammation in Dogs. Vet. Sci. 2021, 8, 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8060093

AMA Style

Ruggerone B, Scavone D, Troìa R, Giunti M, Dondi F, Paltrinieri S. Comparison of Protein Carbonyl (PCO), Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Septic Inflammation in Dogs. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8(6):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8060093

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruggerone, Beatrice, Donatella Scavone, Roberta Troìa, Massimo Giunti, Francesco Dondi, and Saverio Paltrinieri. 2021. "Comparison of Protein Carbonyl (PCO), Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Septic Inflammation in Dogs" Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 6: 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8060093

APA Style

Ruggerone, B., Scavone, D., Troìa, R., Giunti, M., Dondi, F., & Paltrinieri, S. (2021). Comparison of Protein Carbonyl (PCO), Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Septic Inflammation in Dogs. Veterinary Sciences, 8(6), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8060093

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Comparison of Protein Carbonyl (PCO), Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Septic Inflammation in Dogs

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