Global Research Trends in Extracellular Vesicle–Based Therapy for Regenerative Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis (2014–2024)

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising cell-free therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine due to their ability to deliver bioactive molecules with enhanced stability and low immunogenicity. Their potential to replicate stem cell functions without the risks of live-cell transplantation has catalyzed a surge in global research. Objective: This study aims to perform a scientometric analysis of EV-based regenerative medicine research from 2014 to 2024, identifying publication trends, influential contributors, thematic clusters, and translational challenges. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed using CiteSpace software. The analysis included journal impact mapping, co-authorship networks, co-citation analysis, and thematic cluster identification. Metrics such as citation bursts, total link strength, and silhouette values were used to assess influence and thematic coherence. Results: The most prolific journals were Stem Cell Research & Therapy and International Journal of Molecular Sciences. China led in publication volume, while the USA dominated citation impact. Foundational works by Théry and Lai, including the MISEV guidelines, shaped methodological standards. Nine thematic clusters were identified, including oxidative stress, small EVs, mesenchymal stromal cells, muscle regeneration, and chronic kidney disease. A strategic shift toward engineered EVs and novel sources such as iPSCs and macrophages was evident. Key translational barriers include lack of standardization, scalability issues, and regulatory ambiguity. Conclusions: EV-based therapies are transitioning from foundational research to clinical application. Overcoming methodological and regulatory challenges will be critical to realizing their full therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.