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10.3390/toxics13030156
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Article

Short-Term Relationship Between Air Pollution and Mortality from Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in China, 2008–2020

by
Yunning Liu
1,
Xuyang Shan
2,3,
Yitong Sun
1,
Xinpeng Guan
2,3,
Lijun Wang
1,
Xinghou He
2,3,
Jiangmei Liu
1,
Jinling You
1,
Rongshan Wu
4,
Jianbin Wu
5,
Bin Zhang
2,3,
Jinlei Qi
1,
Peng Yin
1,
Mengyao Li
2,3,
Xinghua He
5,
Zifa Wang
6,
Hongbing Xu
2,3,
Jing Wu
1,* and
Wei Huang
2,3,*
1
National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
2
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
4
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
5
School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
6
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxics 2025, 13(3), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030156
Submission received: 30 December 2024 / Revised: 19 February 2025 / Accepted: 21 February 2025 / Published: 24 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traditional and Emerging Pollutants: Human Exposure Profiles and Health Effects)
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Abstract

Most existing epidemiological studies on the impact of air pollution on noncommunicable diseases have focused on urban areas, rather than nationwide studies that include rural areas. This study utilized a time-stratified case-crossover study that included deaths registered in the National Mortality Surveillance System from 2008 to 2020. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) were evaluated via the National Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the associations between short-term air pollution exposure and the risk of respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. There were increases in the risk of respiratory diseases (0.12%, 0.10%, 0.10%, 0.05%, and 0.40%) and CVDs (0.08%, 0.07%, 0.03%, 0.02%, and 0.22%) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2, respectively, and for each 1 mg/m3 increase in the concentration of CO, which may be associated with the participants’ characteristics. The results of these national analyses indicate that ambient air pollutants are significantly associated with increased risks of respiratory disease and CVD death in both urban and rural areas, which is critical for air pollution control, especially in low- and middle-income areas.
Keywords: short-term; air pollution; respiratory diseases; CVDs; mortality; case crossover study short-term; air pollution; respiratory diseases; CVDs; mortality; case crossover study

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, Y.; Shan, X.; Sun, Y.; Guan, X.; Wang, L.; He, X.; Liu, J.; You, J.; Wu, R.; Wu, J.; et al. Short-Term Relationship Between Air Pollution and Mortality from Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in China, 2008–2020. Toxics 2025, 13, 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030156

AMA Style

Liu Y, Shan X, Sun Y, Guan X, Wang L, He X, Liu J, You J, Wu R, Wu J, et al. Short-Term Relationship Between Air Pollution and Mortality from Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in China, 2008–2020. Toxics. 2025; 13(3):156. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030156

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Yunning, Xuyang Shan, Yitong Sun, Xinpeng Guan, Lijun Wang, Xinghou He, Jiangmei Liu, Jinling You, Rongshan Wu, Jianbin Wu, and et al. 2025. "Short-Term Relationship Between Air Pollution and Mortality from Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in China, 2008–2020" Toxics 13, no. 3: 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030156

APA Style

Liu, Y., Shan, X., Sun, Y., Guan, X., Wang, L., He, X., Liu, J., You, J., Wu, R., Wu, J., Zhang, B., Qi, J., Yin, P., Li, M., He, X., Wang, Z., Xu, H., Wu, J., & Huang, W. (2025). Short-Term Relationship Between Air Pollution and Mortality from Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in China, 2008–2020. Toxics, 13(3), 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030156

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