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Volume 13
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10.3390/dj13030106
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Review

Age-Related Oral and Para-Oral Tissue Disorders: The Evolving Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes

by
Mohamed Khaled Mohamed Maria
1,
Esraa Mohamed Abdel Moniem
2,
Ahmed Khaled Hanafy
3,
Dina B. E. Farag
1,
Israa Ahmed Radwan
1,4,
Marwa M. S. Abbass
1,4,
Sara El Moshy
1,4,
Dina Rady
1,4,
Christof E. Dörfer
5 and
Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
4,5,6,*
1
Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
2
Department of Basic Dental Science, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
3
Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
4
Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12588, Egypt
5
Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
6
Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Dent. J. 2025, 13(3), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13030106
Submission received: 2 January 2025 / Revised: 14 February 2025 / Accepted: 24 February 2025 / Published: 27 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Dentistry)
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Abstract

This review highlights the key molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to aging, such as DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere shortening, protein dysfunction, and defective autophagy. These biological mechanisms are involved in various oral health conditions prevalent in the elderly, including periodontal disease, oral cancer, xerostomia, dental caries, and temporomandibular joint disorders. Exosomes generated by mesenchymal stem cells possess substantial therapeutic potential. These exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from cells and are involved in essential intercellular communication and tissue homeostasis. The exosome-based therapies proved superior to traditional cell-based approaches, due to lower immunogenicity, ease of storage, and avoidance of complications associated with cell transplantation. Furthermore, the diagnostic potential of exosomes as non-invasive biomarkers for aging processes and age-related oral diseases offers insights into disease diagnosis, staging, and monitoring. Among the challenges and future perspectives of translating exosome research from preclinical studies to clinical applications is the need for standardized procedures to fully harness the therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities of exosomes.
Keywords: aging; oral; para-oral; MSCs; exosomes; therapy; diagnosis aging; oral; para-oral; MSCs; exosomes; therapy; diagnosis
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MDPI and ACS Style

Maria, M.K.M.; Abdel Moniem, E.M.; Hanafy, A.K.; Farag, D.B.E.; Radwan, I.A.; Abbass, M.M.S.; El Moshy, S.; Rady, D.; Dörfer, C.E.; Fawzy El-Sayed, K.M. Age-Related Oral and Para-Oral Tissue Disorders: The Evolving Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes. Dent. J. 2025, 13, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13030106

AMA Style

Maria MKM, Abdel Moniem EM, Hanafy AK, Farag DBE, Radwan IA, Abbass MMS, El Moshy S, Rady D, Dörfer CE, Fawzy El-Sayed KM. Age-Related Oral and Para-Oral Tissue Disorders: The Evolving Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes. Dentistry Journal. 2025; 13(3):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13030106

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria, Mohamed Khaled Mohamed, Esraa Mohamed Abdel Moniem, Ahmed Khaled Hanafy, Dina B. E. Farag, Israa Ahmed Radwan, Marwa M. S. Abbass, Sara El Moshy, Dina Rady, Christof E. Dörfer, and Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed. 2025. "Age-Related Oral and Para-Oral Tissue Disorders: The Evolving Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes" Dentistry Journal 13, no. 3: 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13030106

APA Style

Maria, M. K. M., Abdel Moniem, E. M., Hanafy, A. K., Farag, D. B. E., Radwan, I. A., Abbass, M. M. S., El Moshy, S., Rady, D., Dörfer, C. E., & Fawzy El-Sayed, K. M. (2025). Age-Related Oral and Para-Oral Tissue Disorders: The Evolving Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes. Dentistry Journal, 13(3), 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13030106

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