Photonics 2017, 4(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics4010016
Experimental Evaluation of Impairments in Unrepeatered DP-16QAM Link with Distributed Raman Amplification
Xiaodan Pang 1,2
, Oskars Ozolins 1, Atalla El-Taher 3,*
, Richard Schatz 2, Gunnar Jacobsen 1, Sergey Sergeyev 3 and Sergei Popov 2
, Oskars Ozolins 1, Atalla El-Taher 3,*
, Richard Schatz 2, Gunnar Jacobsen 1, Sergey Sergeyev 3 and Sergei Popov 21
Networking and Transmission Laboratory, Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Kista SE-16425, Sweden
2
Optics and Photonics Division, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Kista SE-16440, Sweden
3
Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 13 January 2017 / Revised: 5 March 2017 / Accepted: 6 March 2017 / Published: 8 March 2017
Abstract
The transmission impairments of a Raman amplified link using dual-polarization 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM) are experimentally characterized. The impact of amplitude and phase noise on the signal due to relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer from the pump are compared for two pumping configurations: first-order backward pumping and bi-directional pumping. Experimental results indicate that with increased Raman backward pump power, though the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is increased, so is the pump-induced amplitude and phase noise. The transmission performance is firstly improved by the enhanced OSNR at a low pump power until an optimum point is reached, and then the impairments due to pump-induced noise start to dominate. However, the introduction of a low pump power in the forward direction can further improve the system’s performance. View Full-Text
Figure 1
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Pang, X.; Ozolins, O.; El-Taher, A.; Schatz, R.; Jacobsen, G.; Sergeyev, S.; Popov, S. Experimental Evaluation of Impairments in Unrepeatered DP-16QAM Link with Distributed Raman Amplification. Photonics 2017, 4, 16.
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