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Volume 11
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10.3390/children11070784
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Article

Diagnostics of Metabolic Bone Disease in Extremely Preterm Infants—Clinical Applicability of Bone Turnover Biochemical Markers and Quantitative Ultrasound

by
Sandra Cerar
1,†,
Lara Vurzer
2,†,
Aneta Soltirovska Šalamon
1,3,
Lilijana Kornhauser Cerar
4,
Matevž Trdan
4,
Domen Robek
4,
Tina Perme
4,
Ajda Biček
5,
Adrijana Oblak
5,
Janja Marc
6,7,
Darko Černe
6,7,
Vanja Erčulj
8 and
Štefan Grosek
3,4,9,*
1
Department of Neonatology, Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
2
Department of Paediatrics, Community Health Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
3
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
4
Neonatology Section, Department of Perinatology, Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
5
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
6
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
7
Clinical Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
8
Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
9
Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Children 2024, 11(7), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11070784
Submission received: 7 May 2024 / Revised: 11 June 2024 / Accepted: 25 June 2024 / Published: 27 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intensive Care for Critically Ill Neonates: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Significant improvement in neonatal care has enabled increasing survival of preterm infants. Metabolic bone disease of prematurity is often overlooked due to other comorbidities of preterm birth. The best approach is screening and prevention of the disease in high-risk infants such as preterm infants. Aim: We followed up the clinical, radiological, and serum biochemical markers of metabolic bone disease in extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks of gestation). The clinical applicability and validation of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) as a novel bone turnover marker were assessed. Standard and novel biochemical bone turnover markers and quantitative ultrasound were compared. Method: Patients’ data were collected from medical records. Assessments of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, bone-alkaline phosphatase, CTX-I, and quantitative ultrasound were prospectively performed twice in 42 extremely preterm infants at postmenstrual ages of 30–32 weeks and 36–40 weeks. Bone mineral density was measured by quantitative ultrasound. Conclusion: Phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, bone alkaline phosphatase, calcium, or ionized calcium are not related to gestational age, but bone mineral density, measured by quantitative ultrasound, is related. There is no correlation between standard and novel biochemical markers and quantitative ultrasound for the identification of metabolic bone disease.
Keywords: metabolic bone disease; bone mineral density; premature; calcium; alkaline phosphatase metabolic bone disease; bone mineral density; premature; calcium; alkaline phosphatase

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cerar, S.; Vurzer, L.; Šalamon, A.S.; Kornhauser Cerar, L.; Trdan, M.; Robek, D.; Perme, T.; Biček, A.; Oblak, A.; Marc, J.; et al. Diagnostics of Metabolic Bone Disease in Extremely Preterm Infants—Clinical Applicability of Bone Turnover Biochemical Markers and Quantitative Ultrasound. Children 2024, 11, 784. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11070784

AMA Style

Cerar S, Vurzer L, Šalamon AS, Kornhauser Cerar L, Trdan M, Robek D, Perme T, Biček A, Oblak A, Marc J, et al. Diagnostics of Metabolic Bone Disease in Extremely Preterm Infants—Clinical Applicability of Bone Turnover Biochemical Markers and Quantitative Ultrasound. Children. 2024; 11(7):784. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11070784

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cerar, Sandra, Lara Vurzer, Aneta Soltirovska Šalamon, Lilijana Kornhauser Cerar, Matevž Trdan, Domen Robek, Tina Perme, Ajda Biček, Adrijana Oblak, Janja Marc, and et al. 2024. "Diagnostics of Metabolic Bone Disease in Extremely Preterm Infants—Clinical Applicability of Bone Turnover Biochemical Markers and Quantitative Ultrasound" Children 11, no. 7: 784. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11070784

APA Style

Cerar, S., Vurzer, L., Šalamon, A. S., Kornhauser Cerar, L., Trdan, M., Robek, D., Perme, T., Biček, A., Oblak, A., Marc, J., Černe, D., Erčulj, V., & Grosek, Š. (2024). Diagnostics of Metabolic Bone Disease in Extremely Preterm Infants—Clinical Applicability of Bone Turnover Biochemical Markers and Quantitative Ultrasound. Children, 11(7), 784. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11070784

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