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Article

Recombinant AMA1 Virus-like Particle Antigen for Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection

by
Min-Ju Kim
1,†,
Ki-Back Chu
2,†,
Jie Mao
1,
Hae-Ji Kang
3,
Gi-Deok Eom
1,
Keon-Woong Yoon
1,
Su-Hwa Lee
4,
Eun-Kyung Moon
4,
Young-Ha Lee
5,6 and
Fu-Shi Quan
2,4,*
1
Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
2
Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
3
Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
4
Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
5
Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
6
Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomedicines 2022, 10(11), 2812; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112812
Submission received: 4 August 2022 / Revised: 27 October 2022 / Accepted: 30 October 2022 / Published: 4 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advance in Viral Immunogens and Vaccines)
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Abstract

Toxoplasmosis diagnosis predominantly relies on serology testing via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but these results are highly variable. Consequently, various antigens are being evaluated to improve the sensitivity and specificity of toxoplasmosis serological diagnosis. Here, we generated Toxoplasma gondii virus-like particles displaying AMA1 of T. gondii and evaluated their diagnostic potential. We found that AMA1 VLPs were highly sensitive and reacted with the sera acquired from mice infected with either T. gondii ME49 or RH strains. The overall IgG and IgM antibody responses elicited by AMA1 VLPs were substantially higher than those induced by the conventionally used T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA). Importantly, AMA1 VLPs were capable of detecting parasitic infection with T. gondii RH and ME49 as early as 1 week post-infection, even when mice were exposed to low infectious doses (5 × 103 and 10 cysts, respectively). AMA1 VLPs also did not cross-react with the immune sera acquired from Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Compared to TLA, stronger antibody responses were induced by AMA1 VLPs when tested using T. gondii-infected human sera. The sensitivities and specificities of the two antigens were substantially different, with AMA1 VLPs demonstrating over 90% sensitivity and specificity, whereas these values were in the 70% range for the TLA. These results indicated that AMA1 VLPs can detect infections of both T. gondii ME49 and RH at an early stage of infection caused by very low infection doses in mice, and these could be used for serological diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis.
Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii; AMA1; virus-like particle; serodiagnosis Toxoplasma gondii; AMA1; virus-like particle; serodiagnosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kim, M.-J.; Chu, K.-B.; Mao, J.; Kang, H.-J.; Eom, G.-D.; Yoon, K.-W.; Lee, S.-H.; Moon, E.-K.; Lee, Y.-H.; Quan, F.-S. Recombinant AMA1 Virus-like Particle Antigen for Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 2812. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112812

AMA Style

Kim M-J, Chu K-B, Mao J, Kang H-J, Eom G-D, Yoon K-W, Lee S-H, Moon E-K, Lee Y-H, Quan F-S. Recombinant AMA1 Virus-like Particle Antigen for Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(11):2812. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112812

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kim, Min-Ju, Ki-Back Chu, Jie Mao, Hae-Ji Kang, Gi-Deok Eom, Keon-Woong Yoon, Su-Hwa Lee, Eun-Kyung Moon, Young-Ha Lee, and Fu-Shi Quan. 2022. "Recombinant AMA1 Virus-like Particle Antigen for Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection" Biomedicines 10, no. 11: 2812. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112812

APA Style

Kim, M.-J., Chu, K.-B., Mao, J., Kang, H.-J., Eom, G.-D., Yoon, K.-W., Lee, S.-H., Moon, E.-K., Lee, Y.-H., & Quan, F.-S. (2022). Recombinant AMA1 Virus-like Particle Antigen for Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Biomedicines, 10(11), 2812. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112812

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