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Mathematics
Volume 11
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10.3390/math11051258
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Article

Do Statistics Show Differences between Distance Estimations of 3D Objects in the Traffic Environment Using Glances, Side View Mirrors, and Camera Display?

by
Aleksandar Trifunović
1,*,
Tijana Ivanišević
2,
Svetlana Čičević
2,
Sreten Simović
3,
Vedran Vukšić
4 and
Živana Slović
5
1
Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Academy of Professional Studies Sumadija, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
3
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
4
P.E. GSP Belgrade, Knjeginje Ljubice 29, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
5
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mathematics 2023, 11(5), 1258; https://doi.org/10.3390/math11051258
Submission received: 11 February 2023 / Revised: 27 February 2023 / Accepted: 3 March 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics and Computer Programming in 2D and 3D Open Source Software)
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Abstract

The driver’s task in traffic is to evaluate traffic situations and act in accordance with the estimate. One of the most common causes of road crashes is “incorrect estimated of the traffic situation”. Correct perception of surroundings is one of the prerequisites for safe and successful driving. To investigate the mentioned issue, the authors of this paper conducted an experimental study with the aim of determining what affects the estimation of the object distance. In contrast to previous studies known from the available literature, our study presents experimental research of the estimated distance of 3D stimuli in three environments by direct observation, a rear-view mirror, and a camera display in a vehicle. One-hundred-and-sixty-four participants participated in the experiment. The research results show statistically significant differences in the estimation of the distance of 3D objects for different colors. Participants, for the largest number of stimuli, best estimate the distance from direct observation than through the rear-view mirror, while they make the most mistakes when estimating the distance of 3D objects using the camera display in a vehicle. On the other hand, in all described conditions, the respondents estimated the distance to the blue and green objects with the most significant errors.
Keywords: perception of 3d objects; estimated distance; vision; road safety perception of 3d objects; estimated distance; vision; road safety

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MDPI and ACS Style

Trifunović, A.; Ivanišević, T.; Čičević, S.; Simović, S.; Vukšić, V.; Slović, Ž. Do Statistics Show Differences between Distance Estimations of 3D Objects in the Traffic Environment Using Glances, Side View Mirrors, and Camera Display? Mathematics 2023, 11, 1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11051258

AMA Style

Trifunović A, Ivanišević T, Čičević S, Simović S, Vukšić V, Slović Ž. Do Statistics Show Differences between Distance Estimations of 3D Objects in the Traffic Environment Using Glances, Side View Mirrors, and Camera Display? Mathematics. 2023; 11(5):1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11051258

Chicago/Turabian Style

Trifunović, Aleksandar, Tijana Ivanišević, Svetlana Čičević, Sreten Simović, Vedran Vukšić, and Živana Slović. 2023. "Do Statistics Show Differences between Distance Estimations of 3D Objects in the Traffic Environment Using Glances, Side View Mirrors, and Camera Display?" Mathematics 11, no. 5: 1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11051258

APA Style

Trifunović, A., Ivanišević, T., Čičević, S., Simović, S., Vukšić, V., & Slović, Ž. (2023). Do Statistics Show Differences between Distance Estimations of 3D Objects in the Traffic Environment Using Glances, Side View Mirrors, and Camera Display? Mathematics, 11(5), 1258. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11051258

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