4-Hydroxy-nonenal—A Bioactive Lipid Peroxidation Product †
1
Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 33a, 8010 Graz, Austria
2
Institute for Medical Education, KortexMed GmbH, Hindenburgring 12a, 38667 Bad Harzburg, Germany
3
Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
4
Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
This review is dedicated to the late Professor Hermann Esterbauer, the discoverer of 4-hydroxy-nonenal.
Academic Editors: Michael Breitenbach and Peter Eckl
Biomolecules 2015, 5(4), 2247-2337; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom5042247
Received: 2 June 2015
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Revised: 24 July 2015
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Accepted: 29 July 2015
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Published: 30 September 2015
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Oxygen Radicals)
This review on recent research advances of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) has four major topics: I. the formation of HNE in various organs and tissues, II. the diverse biochemical reactions with Michael adduct formation as the most prominent one, III. the endogenous targets of HNE, primarily peptides and proteins (here the mechanisms of covalent adduct formation are described and the (patho-) physiological consequences discussed), and IV. the metabolism of HNE leading to a great number of degradation products, some of which are excreted in urine and may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of oxidative stress.
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Keywords:
4-hydroxy-nonenal; HNE; n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids; Michael adducts; mercapturic acid
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Schaur, R.J.; Siems, W.; Bresgen, N.; Eckl, P.M. 4-Hydroxy-nonenal—A Bioactive Lipid Peroxidation Product. Biomolecules 2015, 5, 2247-2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom5042247
AMA Style
Schaur RJ, Siems W, Bresgen N, Eckl PM. 4-Hydroxy-nonenal—A Bioactive Lipid Peroxidation Product. Biomolecules. 2015; 5(4):2247-2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom5042247
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchaur, Rudolf J., Werner Siems, Nikolaus Bresgen, and Peter M. Eckl. 2015. "4-Hydroxy-nonenal—A Bioactive Lipid Peroxidation Product" Biomolecules 5, no. 4: 2247-2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom5042247
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