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Universe, Volume 7, Issue 2

2021 February - 25 articles

Cover Story: Gravity must obey quantum theory, as do all other interactions. The effects of fluctuations in quantum gravity have important consequences for cosmology. They determine the shape of the effective potential for scalar fields, which in turn are the crucial ingredients for the inflationary universe and for dynamical dark energy. Functional renormalisation permits a quantitative computation of the effects of fluctuations of the metric. If quantum gravity is a complete theory, valid for infinitely short distances, effective scalar potentials become flat for large field values. Inflation and dynamical dark energy arise in a natural way. The same computation also substantiates the successful quantum gravity prediction for the mass of the Higgs boson. View this paper
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Articles (25)

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
3,584 Views
76 Pages

17 February 2021

We compute the effective potential for scalar fields in asymptotically safe quantum gravity. A scaling potential and other scaling functions generalize the fixed point values of renormalizable couplings. The scaling potential takes a non-polynomial f...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,416 Views
10 Pages

16 February 2021

In this letter, we use a recent wormhole metric known as a ringhole [Gonzalez-Diaz, Phys. Rev. D 54, 6122, 1996] to determine the surface topology and the deflection angle of light in the weak limit approximation using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem (GBT)....

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,552 Views
15 Pages

15 February 2021

One of the most important effects of ionospheric heating by HF (high-frequency) waves is the generation of ELF/VLF (extremely low-frequency/very low-frequency) waves by modulated heating. An important limitation of amplitude modulation (AM) is its de...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,875 Views
10 Pages

Daytime Cloud Detection Method Using the All-Sky Imager over PERMATApintar Observatory

  • Mohammad Afiq Dzuan Mohd Azhar,
  • Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid,
  • Wan Mohd Aimran Wan Mohd Kamil and
  • Nor Sakinah Mohamad

9 February 2021

In this study, we explored a new method of cloud detection called the Blue-Green (B-G) Color Difference, which is adapted from the widely used Red-Blue (R-B) Color Difference. The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of these two met...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,276 Views
18 Pages

Trapped Gravitational Waves in Jackiw–Teitelboim Gravity

  • Jeong-Myeong Bae,
  • Ido Ben-Dayan,
  • Marcelo Schiffer,
  • Gibum Yun and
  • Heeseung Zoe

7 February 2021

We discuss the possibility that gravitational fluctuations (“gravitational-waves”) are trapped in space by gravitational interactions in two dimensional Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity. In the standard geon (gravitational electromagnetic entity) approach,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,011 Views
30 Pages

Limits on Magnetized Quark-Nugget Dark Matter from Episodic Natural Events

  • J. Pace VanDevender,
  • Aaron P. VanDevender,
  • Peter Wilson,
  • Benjamin F. Hammel and
  • Niall McGinley

4 February 2021

A quark nugget is a hypothetical dark-matter candidate composed of approximately equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks. Most models of quark nuggets do not include effects of their intrinsic magnetic field. However, Tatsumi used a mathematica...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,424 Views
11 Pages

Holocene Millennial-Scale Solar Variability and the Climatic Responses on Earth

  • Xinhua Zhao,
  • Willie Soon and
  • Victor M. Velasco Herrera

4 February 2021

The solar impact on Earth’s climate is both a rich and open-ended topic with intense debates. In this study, we use the reconstructed data available to investigate periodicities of solar variability (i.e., variations of sunspot numbers) and temperatu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,128 Views
12 Pages

4 February 2021

Recently, the secular pericentre precession was analytically computed to the second post-Newtonian (2PN) order by the present author with the Gauss equations in terms of the osculating Keplerian orbital elements in order to obtain closer contact with...

  • Review
  • Open Access
58 Citations
3,978 Views
23 Pages

4 February 2021

Apart from the familiar structure firmly-rooted in the general relativistic field equations where the energy–momentum tensor has a null divergence i.e., it conserves, there exists a considerable number of extended theories of gravity allowing departu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,063 Views
13 Pages

3 February 2021

Since 1969, Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) data have been collected by various observatories and analysed by different analysis groups. In the recent years, observations with bigger telescopes (APOLLO) and at infra-red wavelength (OCA) are carried out, re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,214 Views
16 Pages

Possibilities of Detecting Light Dark Matter Produced via Drell-Yan Channel in a Fixed Target Experiment

  • Eduard Ursov,
  • Anna Anokhina,
  • Emil Khalikov,
  • Ivan Vidulin and
  • Tatiana Roganova

1 February 2021

This work presents the complete modeling scheme of production and detection of two types of light dark matter (LDM)—Dirac fermionic and scalar particles—in a fixed target experiment using SHiP experiment as an example. The Drell-Yan process was chose...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,266 Views
20 Pages

31 January 2021

The neutralino sector of the semi-constrained next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model is explored under recent experimental constraints, with special attention to dark matter (DM) limits. The effects of the upper and lower bounds of dark matter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,270 Views
40 Pages

31 January 2021

Quaternions are a natural framework of 4D space-time, where the unit element relates to time, and three others relate to 3D space. We define a quaternion set of differential torsion operators (shifts with rotations) that act to the energy-momentum te...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,315 Views
9 Pages

Quantization of Gravitationally Bound Systems

  • Michael Fil’chenkov and
  • Yuri Laptev

30 January 2021

Some of the approaches to quantization in gravity theory concerning gravitationally bound systems are considered. Grades of quantization applicable to these systems have been classified in terms of quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, and quantum...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,207 Views
35 Pages

29 January 2021

We present a geometrical derivation of the relativistic dynamics of the superfluid inner crust of a neutron star. The resulting model is analogous to the Hall-Vinen-Bekarevich-Khalatnikov hydrodynamics for a single-component superfluid at finite temp...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
7,196 Views
18 Pages

29 January 2021

One of the most important effects of ionospheric modification by high power, high frequency (HF) waves is the generation of ultra low frequency/extremely low frequency/very low frequency (ULF/ELF/VLF) waves by modulated heating. This paper reviews th...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,948 Views
23 Pages

Superfluid Neutron Matter with a Twist

  • Georgios Palkanoglou and
  • Alexandros Gezerlis

26 January 2021

Superfluid neutron matter is a key ingredient in the composition of neutron stars. The physics of the inner crust are largely dependent on those of its S-wave neutron superfluid, which has made its presence known through pulsar glitches and modificat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,001 Views
16 Pages

Mixing Uncertainties in Low-Metallicity AGB Stars: The Impact on Stellar Structure and Nucleosynthesis

  • Umberto Battino,
  • Claudia Lederer-Woods,
  • Borbála Cseh,
  • Pavel Denissenkov and
  • Falk Herwig

26 January 2021

The slow neutron-capture process (s-process) efficiency in low-mass AGB stars (1.5 < M/M < 3) critically depends on how mixing processes in stellar interiors are handled, which is still affected by considerable uncertainties. In this work, we...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,823 Views
13 Pages

Comparison of EEJ Longitudinal Variation from Satellite and Ground Measurements over Different Solar Activity Levels

  • Wan Nur Izzaty Ismail,
  • Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid,
  • Mardina Abdullah,
  • Akimasa Yoshikawa,
  • Teiji Uozumi and
  • Zahira Mohd Radzi

23 January 2021

The longitudinal variability and local time of equatorial electrojet (EEJ) current using simultaneous data recorded by ground and satellite magnetometers at different levels of solar activity were investigated. In this study, we used data from the CH...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,093 Views
33 Pages

Curvature Invariants for the Alcubierre and Natário Warp Drives

  • Brandon Mattingly,
  • Abinash Kar,
  • Matthew Gorban,
  • William Julius,
  • Cooper K. Watson,
  • MD Ali,
  • Andrew Baas,
  • Caleb Elmore,
  • Jeffrey S. Lee and
  • Gerald B. Cleaver
  • + 2 authors

20 January 2021

A process for using curvature invariants is applied to evaluate the metrics for the Alcubierre and the Natário warp drives at a constant velocity. Curvature invariants are independent of coordinate bases, so plotting these invariants will be free of...

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Universe - ISSN 2218-1997