A Multi-Slot Two-Antenna MIMO with High Isolation for Sub-6 GHz 5G/IEEE802.11ac/ax/C-Band/X-Band Wireless and Satellite Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Design Layout of Single Monopole Antenna Element
3. Antenna Evolution Mechanism
3.1. Step-1: Design of Rectangular Radiator
3.2. Step-2: Deployment of MSS on Right and Left Side of ANT#1
3.3. Step-3: The Loading of L-Shaped Slots and Inverted U-Shaped Slot
4. Geometry, Design and Analysis of the Proposed Two-Antenna MIMO
4.1. Analysis of the Two-Antenna MIMO without Decoupling Structure
4.2. Analysis of the Proposed Two-Antenna MIMO with Decoupling Structure
5. Results and Discussion of the Proposed Two-Antenna MIMO
5.1. Simulated and Measured Reflection Coefficient and Isolation
5.2. Simulated and Measured Far Field Radiation Patterns
5.3. Simulated and Measured Realised Gain and Radiation Efficiency
6. Diversity Performance Analysis
6.1. Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC)
6.2. Diversity Gain (DG) dB
6.3. Mean Effective Gain (MEG)
6.4. Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC)
6.5. Channel Capacity Loss (CCL)
6.6. Channel Capacity (bits/s/Hz)
7. Performance Comparison of the Proposed Two-Antenna MIMO with Existing State of Arts
- It has the smallest physical dimensions (volume size) as compared to all the antennas mentioned in Table 1.
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Step | Sub-6 GHz 5G NR | IEEE 802.11ac | IEEE 802.11ax | C-Band | X-Band | Impedance Matching |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANT#1 | - | Yes | Yes | - | - | Good |
ANT#2 | - | Yes | - | Yes | - | Good |
ANT#3 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Good |
Functioning Band | Simulated Peak Gain (dBi) | Measured Peak Gain (dBi) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sub-6 GHz 5G NR & C-band uplink | 3.00 | 2.77 | 72.99 | 70.10 |
IEEE 802.11ac | 3.08 | 2.72 | 73.50 | 70.50 |
IEEE 802.11ax & C-band downlink | 3.75 | 3.35 | 76.50 | 72.49 |
X-band | 3.48 | 2.91 | 78.48 | 70.80 |
Frequency (GHz) | MEG (-dB) of Antenna Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Antenna Element#1 | Antenna Element#2 | Ratio of Antenna Element#1/Antenna Element#2 | Ratio of Antenna Element#2/Antenna Element#1 | |
Sub-6 GHz 5G and C-band uplink | −3.10 | −3.11 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
IEEE 802.11ac | −3.21 | −3.22 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
IEEE 802.11ax 5G and C-band downlink | −3.15 | −3.14 | 1.00 | 0.99 |
X-band | −3.05 | −3.04 | 1.00 | 0.99 |
Ref | Dimension (mm3) | Sub | BW (GHz) | Gain (dBi) | ECC | DG | Isol (dB) | Decoupling Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[1] | 32 × 98 × 1 | FR-4 | 0.6–0.7 1.7–1.9 2.4–2.7 3.2–4.1 5.1–5.9 | 5.14 | 0.04 | 9.8 | >15 | Not used |
[2] | 56 × 37 × 1.6 | FR-4 | 2.24–2.50 3.60–3.99 4.40–4.60 5.71–5.90 | 2 | 0.08 | 9.5 | >15 | Not used |
[4] | 70 × 52 × 1.6 | FR-4 | 3.10–3.21 6.20–6.33 7.60–7.90 | 5.84 | 0.025 | 9.5 | >31 | Not used |
[9] | 90 × 21 × 1.6 | FR-4 | 2.22–2.54 3.14–3.90 5.30–5.90 | 3.22 | 0.01 | 10 | >20 | Not used |
[10] | 34 × 34 × 1.44 | FR-4 | 3.50–3.60 5.00–5.40 | 4.7 | 0.01 | - | >19 | U-shape slot in ground plane |
[13] | 20 × 35 × 0.8 | FR-4 epoxy | 3.34–3.87 | 2.5 | 0.01 | - | >20 | T-shape ground stub |
[15] | 59 × 55 × 8.1 | FR-4 | 3.00–7.00 | 4 | 0.2 | 8.94 | >20 | DGS |
[18] | 38.2 × 95.94 × 1.6 | FR-4 | 2.43–2.50 | 4.25 | 0.008 | 9.99 | >24 | Fractal EBG |
[19] | 55 × 28 × 1.6 | FR-4 | 2.01–3.92 | 2 | 0.01 | 9.8 | >15 | EBG |
[20] | 100 × 60 × 1 | Jeans | 1.34–3.92 4.34–6.34 | 5 | 0.04 | 9.0 | >18 | Meta-Inspired |
[21] | 47.5 × 40 × 1.6 | FR-4 | 3.35–3.78 | 3.5 | 0.05 | - | >15 | Metamaterial |
This Work | 32 × 20 × 0.8 | FR-4 | 3.3–7.8 8.0–12.0 | 4.0 | 0.05 | 9.9 | >20 | Concentric Rings |
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Alharbi, A.G.; Kulkarni, J.; Desai, A.; Sim, C.-Y.-D.; Poddar, A. A Multi-Slot Two-Antenna MIMO with High Isolation for Sub-6 GHz 5G/IEEE802.11ac/ax/C-Band/X-Band Wireless and Satellite Applications. Electronics 2022, 11, 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030473
Alharbi AG, Kulkarni J, Desai A, Sim C-Y-D, Poddar A. A Multi-Slot Two-Antenna MIMO with High Isolation for Sub-6 GHz 5G/IEEE802.11ac/ax/C-Band/X-Band Wireless and Satellite Applications. Electronics. 2022; 11(3):473. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030473
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlharbi, Abdullah G., Jayshri Kulkarni, Arpan Desai, Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim, and Ajay Poddar. 2022. "A Multi-Slot Two-Antenna MIMO with High Isolation for Sub-6 GHz 5G/IEEE802.11ac/ax/C-Band/X-Band Wireless and Satellite Applications" Electronics 11, no. 3: 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030473