Metal–Phenolic Networks for Sensing Applications

The preparation of new inorganic–organic hybrid materials is beneficial for the development of powerful sensing methods and technologies. Polyphenols, a type of organic molecule containing phenolic hydroxyl groups, are widely present in natural plants and have beneficial effects on human health. Metal ions are ubiquitous in nature and play an important role in the development of inorganic–organic hybrid materials. Metal–phenolic networks (MPNs) are formed by the self-assembly of metal ions and polyphenols through dynamic coordination bonds. Due to their mild synthesis conditions, facilely engineered functionalities, and multiple modification strategies, MPNs have become potential platforms for sensing applications. Timely understanding of the function and application of MPNs in sensing fields will facilitate the development of novel chemical and biological sensors and devices. This article summarizes the typical preparation methods and excellent advantages of MPNs and focuses on their latest achievements in sensing applications. We highlight representative MPN-based sensing examples, including the direct detection of small molecules and biological species, immunoassays, bioimaging, and wearable devices. Finally, the prospects and future directions of MPNs in sensing fields are addressed.