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Agriculture
Volume 16
Issue 12
10.3390/agriculture16121303
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Article

Exploring Evolutionary Wheat Population Rhizosphere Microbial Composition and Functions in Mediterranean Regions

by
Charlotte Védère
1,†,
Gianluigi Giannelli
2,†,
Laura Gazza
3,
Silvia Folloni
4,
Axel Felbacq
1,
Salvatore Ceccarelli
5,
Gianni Galaverna
2,
Giovanna Visioli
6,* and
Cornelia Rumpel
1,*
1
CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (IEES), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
2
Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
3
CREA, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via Manziana 30, 00198 Rome, Italy
4
Open Fields S.r.l., Strada Madonna Dell’Aiuto 7/a, 43126 Parma, Italy
5
Independent Researcher, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy
6
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Agriculture 2026, 16(12), 1303; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16121303 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 May 2026 / Revised: 9 June 2026 / Accepted: 10 June 2026 / Published: 12 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Management and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Global Challenges)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Mediterranean regions are forecasted to be increasingly threatened by climate change, leading to the occurrence of extreme events. One strategy to improve the resilience of agricultural systems is to introduce rotations that combine legumes and crops with high intraspecific diversity such as evolutionary populations (EPs). These cropping systems may be characterized by lower external input needs and higher buffering capacity than traditional ones. Our objective was to test if the introduction of wheat EPs impacts soil microbial functions—including microbial biomass, community structure, and enzymatic activity—and soil organic matter composition within a crop rotation framework. We conducted a two-year field experiment at two sites in Italy comparing a modern bread wheat variety to two EPs, evolved in different areas, in rotation with legumes. The composition and processes of rhizosphere microbial communities were characterized using EL-FAME and enzyme activities. In addition, rhizosphere soil organic matter signatures were measured by mid-infrared spectroscopy, and their relationships with microbial parameters were investigated using principal component analyses. The results showed that the EP–rhizosphere relationship, as well as its influence on microbial abundance and activity, is dependent both on the site of origin and local pedoclimatic conditions, although no consistent response was observed across the two sites. These effects may be buffered by the choice of the preceding crop in rotation.
Keywords: SOM; EL-FAME; MIRS; enzyme activities; climate change SOM; EL-FAME; MIRS; enzyme activities; climate change

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MDPI and ACS Style

Védère, C.; Giannelli, G.; Gazza, L.; Folloni, S.; Felbacq, A.; Ceccarelli, S.; Galaverna, G.; Visioli, G.; Rumpel, C. Exploring Evolutionary Wheat Population Rhizosphere Microbial Composition and Functions in Mediterranean Regions. Agriculture 2026, 16, 1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16121303

AMA Style

Védère C, Giannelli G, Gazza L, Folloni S, Felbacq A, Ceccarelli S, Galaverna G, Visioli G, Rumpel C. Exploring Evolutionary Wheat Population Rhizosphere Microbial Composition and Functions in Mediterranean Regions. Agriculture. 2026; 16(12):1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16121303

Chicago/Turabian Style

Védère, Charlotte, Gianluigi Giannelli, Laura Gazza, Silvia Folloni, Axel Felbacq, Salvatore Ceccarelli, Gianni Galaverna, Giovanna Visioli, and Cornelia Rumpel. 2026. "Exploring Evolutionary Wheat Population Rhizosphere Microbial Composition and Functions in Mediterranean Regions" Agriculture 16, no. 12: 1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16121303

APA Style

Védère, C., Giannelli, G., Gazza, L., Folloni, S., Felbacq, A., Ceccarelli, S., Galaverna, G., Visioli, G., & Rumpel, C. (2026). Exploring Evolutionary Wheat Population Rhizosphere Microbial Composition and Functions in Mediterranean Regions. Agriculture, 16(12), 1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16121303

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