Four Faces of Infective Endocarditis: Where Thinking Outside the Box Was Crucial

El-Shamy, Ali; Man, Patrick; Vijapurkar, Gayatri; Hanna, Baher; Kardos, Attila

doi:10.3390/jcm14072162

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Case Report

22 March 2025

14 Pages

Four Faces of Infective Endocarditis: Where Thinking Outside the Box Was Crucial

and

Department of Cardiology, Translational Cardiovascular Research Group, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 8H Standing Way, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1EG, UK

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

J. Clin. Med.2025, 14(7), 2162;https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072162

This article belongs to the Special Issue Multidisciplinary Endocarditis Perspectives: 2nd Edition

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Infective Endocarditis (IE) presents both a challenging diagnostic and treatment task. Methods: The incidence of IE has grown with the advancement in treatment technologies offered to patients, including intra-cardiac electrical device insertion and a variety of transcutaneous structural interventions. Results: Guidelines recommend the involvement of a multi-disciplinary approach to prompt diagnosis and decisions regarding treatment. Conclusions: We present the management conundrums of four complex cases of IE and highlight the importance of the Extended Endocarditis Team.

Keywords:

infective endocarditis; endocarditis team; complex cases; CIED; PWID; relapsing ViV bMV endocarditis; subclinical I.E

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