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Background:
Systematic Review

Understanding the Dry Eye Disease-Related Symptoms in South America: Prevalence and Associated Factors—A Systematic Review

by
Valentina Loaiza-Guevara
1,
Camila Salazar-Santoliva
2,
Alvaro J. Villota-Arevalo
3,
Marjorie E. Acosta-Villas
4,
Betty-Liliana Coral-Gaón
3,
Jesús E. Afanador
5,
Natalia Restrepo
1,
Laurens L. Hernandez-Benitez
6,
Wendy Rincón Hernández
7,
Laura C. Caceres-Delgado
8 and
Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy
2,*
1
Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas, Pereira 660001, Colombia
2
One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Americas, Quito 170137, Ecuador
3
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia
4
Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, Colombia
5
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Pamplona, Cúcuta 540004, Colombia
6
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Libre, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia
7
Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria San Martin, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
8
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga 080003, Colombia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(20), 6060; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206060
Submission received: 3 September 2024 / Revised: 3 October 2024 / Accepted: 5 October 2024 / Published: 11 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dry Eye Disease: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Measures)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Dry eye disease is a leading cause of ophthalmologic consultations worldwide and can significantly impact quality of life. While global prevalence rates vary widely, data specific to South America are limited. This systematic review aims to describe and analyze the prevalence and associated factors of dry eye disease-related symptoms in South American populations. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS. Primary studies in English and Spanish that examined the prevalence of dry eye disease-related symptoms in South American populations and its associated factors were included without date restrictions. Studies were screened and selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the final inclusion of 16 studies from six South American countries. Results: This review identified significant variability in the prevalence of dry eye disease-related symptoms in South American populations in the region, ranging from 4% to 77.5%, with a mean prevalence of 39.3%. Higher prevalence rates were observed among specific groups, such as university students (58.6%) and administrative workers (57.9%). Factors associated with dry eye disease-related symptoms in South American populations included female sex, older age, prolonged screen time, insufficient sleep, and medical conditions such as hypertension, connective tissue disorders, and the use of medications like antihypertensives and antidepressants. Conclusions: The prevalence of dry eye disease-related symptoms in South American populations is notably higher than global averages, highlighting regional challenges. This study emphasizes the need for standardized diagnostic tools and comprehensive epidemiological research across South America, particularly in underrepresented countries, to inform public health strategies tailored to the specific needs of these populations.
Keywords: dry eye disease; prevalence; associated factors; South America dry eye disease; prevalence; associated factors; South America

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MDPI and ACS Style

Loaiza-Guevara, V.; Salazar-Santoliva, C.; Villota-Arevalo, A.J.; Acosta-Villas, M.E.; Coral-Gaón, B.-L.; Afanador, J.E.; Restrepo, N.; Hernandez-Benitez, L.L.; Hernández, W.R.; Caceres-Delgado, L.C.; et al. Understanding the Dry Eye Disease-Related Symptoms in South America: Prevalence and Associated Factors—A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 6060. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206060

AMA Style

Loaiza-Guevara V, Salazar-Santoliva C, Villota-Arevalo AJ, Acosta-Villas ME, Coral-Gaón B-L, Afanador JE, Restrepo N, Hernandez-Benitez LL, Hernández WR, Caceres-Delgado LC, et al. Understanding the Dry Eye Disease-Related Symptoms in South America: Prevalence and Associated Factors—A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(20):6060. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206060

Chicago/Turabian Style

Loaiza-Guevara, Valentina, Camila Salazar-Santoliva, Alvaro J. Villota-Arevalo, Marjorie E. Acosta-Villas, Betty-Liliana Coral-Gaón, Jesús E. Afanador, Natalia Restrepo, Laurens L. Hernandez-Benitez, Wendy Rincón Hernández, Laura C. Caceres-Delgado, and et al. 2024. "Understanding the Dry Eye Disease-Related Symptoms in South America: Prevalence and Associated Factors—A Systematic Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 20: 6060. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206060

APA Style

Loaiza-Guevara, V., Salazar-Santoliva, C., Villota-Arevalo, A. J., Acosta-Villas, M. E., Coral-Gaón, B.-L., Afanador, J. E., Restrepo, N., Hernandez-Benitez, L. L., Hernández, W. R., Caceres-Delgado, L. C., & Izquierdo-Condoy, J. S. (2024). Understanding the Dry Eye Disease-Related Symptoms in South America: Prevalence and Associated Factors—A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(20), 6060. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206060

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