Prognostic Significance of Organ-Specific Metastases in Patients with Metastatic Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Database and Patient Selection
2.2. Study Outcomes
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
3.2. Metastatic Patterns
3.3. Impact of Metastatic Sites and Treatment Scheme on Survival Outcomes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | No. | % |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||
<65 | 176 | 27.8 |
≥65 | 457 | 72.2 |
Gender | ||
Female | 267 | 42 |
Male | 366 | 57.8 |
(T)NM | ||
X | 151 | 23.8 |
0–2 | 160 | 25.3 |
3–4 | 322 | 50.9 |
T(N)M | ||
0 | 202 | 31.9 |
>1 | 431 | 68.1 |
Grade | ||
Low | 159 | 25.1 |
High | 474 | 74.9 |
Race | ||
White | 529 | 83.6 |
Black | 38 | 6.0 |
Other | 66 | 10.4 |
Radiation | ||
No | 54 | 8.5 |
Yes | 122 | 19.3 |
Unknown | 457 | 72.2 |
Radical nephroureterectomy | ||
No | 386 | 61.0 |
Yes | 247 | 39.0 |
Chemotherapy | ||
No | 195 | 30.8 |
Yes | 354 | 55.9 |
Unknown | 84 | 13.3 |
Primary site | ||
Renal pelvis | 427 | 67.5 |
Ureter | 166 | 26.2 |
Ureteric orifice | 40 | 6.3 |
Number of metastatic sites | ||
Single organ site | 417 | 65.9 |
Multiple organ sites | 216 | 34.1 |
Factors | Median OS (Months) HR (95% CI) | p-Value | Median CSS (Months) HR (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
<65 | Reference | |||
≥65 | 1.196 (0.903–1.584) | 0.213 | 1.167 (0.871–1.564) | 0.301 |
Gender | ||||
Female | Reference | |||
Male | 0.900 (0.705–1.148) | 0.394 | 0.946 (0.732–1.221) | 0.946 |
Tumor location | ||||
Renal pelvis | Reference | |||
Ureter | 0.782 (0.592–1.034) | 0.085 | 0.715 (0.530–0.965) | 0.028 |
Ureter orifice | 1.044 (0.656–1.662) | 0.855 | 1.023 (0.630–1.662) | 0.926 |
(T)NM | ||||
1–2 | Reference | |||
3–4 | 1.16 (0.869–1.553) | 0.312 | 0.946 (0.732–1.221) | 0.668 |
T(N)M | ||||
0 | Reference | |||
≥1 | 0.962 (0.733–1.262) | 0.777 | 1.003 (0.753–1.337) | 0.983 |
Number of organ metastasis | ||||
Single organ site | Reference | |||
Multiple organ sites | 1.425 (1.159–1.753) | <0.001 | 1.417 (1.141–1.760) | 0.002 |
Radical nephroureterectomy | ||||
No | Reference | |||
Yes | 0.675 (0.514–0.886) | 0.005 | 0.671 (0.505–0.891) | 0.006 |
Distant metastasis | ||||
Lymph node | Reference | |||
Liver | 1.732 (1.234–2.430) | 0.001 | 1.531 (1.062–2.207) | 0.022 |
Bone | 1.188 (0.849–1.663) | 0.315 | 1.219 (0.863–1.721) | 0.261 |
Lung | 1.179 (0.861–1.615) | 0.304 | 1.138 (0.817–1.585) | 0.444 |
Chemotherapy | ||||
No | Reference | |||
Yes | 0.405 (0.313–0.523) | <0.001 | 0.435 (0.333–0.570) | <0.001 |
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Tufano, A.; Cordua, N.; Nardone, V.; Ranavolo, R.; Flammia, R.S.; D’Antonio, F.; Borea, F.; Anceschi, U.; Leonardo, C.; Morrione, A.; et al. Prognostic Significance of Organ-Specific Metastases in Patients with Metastatic Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185310
Tufano A, Cordua N, Nardone V, Ranavolo R, Flammia RS, D’Antonio F, Borea F, Anceschi U, Leonardo C, Morrione A, et al. Prognostic Significance of Organ-Specific Metastases in Patients with Metastatic Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(18):5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185310
Chicago/Turabian StyleTufano, Antonio, Nadia Cordua, Valerio Nardone, Raffaele Ranavolo, Rocco Simone Flammia, Federica D’Antonio, Federica Borea, Umberto Anceschi, Costantino Leonardo, Andrea Morrione, and et al. 2022. "Prognostic Significance of Organ-Specific Metastases in Patients with Metastatic Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 18: 5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185310
APA StyleTufano, A., Cordua, N., Nardone, V., Ranavolo, R., Flammia, R. S., D’Antonio, F., Borea, F., Anceschi, U., Leonardo, C., Morrione, A., & Giordano, A. (2022). Prognostic Significance of Organ-Specific Metastases in Patients with Metastatic Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(18), 5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185310