Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Initiation of Immunosuppressive Treatment in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases in Austria: A Nationwide Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants and Data Extraction
2.3. Objectives
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients’ Characteristics
3.2. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Initiation of Conventional Immunosuppressive and Advanced Targeted Therapies
3.3. Changes in the Initiation of Therapies during the Observation Period Independent from COVID-19
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Conference Presentation
Abbreviations
ADT | advanced targeted therapies |
IMID | immune-mediated inflammatory diseases |
IBD | inflammatory bowel diseases |
RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
PA | psoriatic arthritis |
SM | small molecules |
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Biologics | TNF-Alpha Inhibitors | Adalimumab, Certolizumab Pegol, Etanercept, Golimumab, Infliximab |
---|---|---|
Anti C5 | eculizumab | |
IL-1 inhibitors | anakinra, canakinumab | |
IL-4 inhibitors | dupilumab | |
IL-6 inhibitors | sarilumab, tocilizumab | |
IL-17 Inhibitors | brodalumab, ixekizumab, secukinumab | |
IL-23 inhibitors | guselkumab, risankizumab, tildrakizumab | |
IL12/23 inhibitor | ustekinumab | |
Anti-BAFF | belimumab | |
B-cell depletion | rituximab | |
integrin α4β7 inhibitor | vedolizumab | |
Co-Stimulation inhibitor | abatacept | |
Small molecules | PDE4 inhibitors | apremilast |
JAK-inhibitors | baricitinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib | |
Conventional immunosuppressive medications | azathioprine, cyclosporine, leflunomide, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate | |
Others | sulfalazine, mesalazine |
Diagnosis | n (%) |
---|---|
Crohn’s disease; n (%) | 3488 (37.8) |
Ulcerative colitis; n (%) | 2805 (30.4) |
Rheumatoid arthritis; n (%) | 1543 (16.7) |
Plaque psoriasis; n (%) | 629 (6.8) |
Ankylosing spondylitis; n (%) | 259 (2.8) |
Hidradenitis suppurativa; n (%) | 179 (1.9) |
Childhood arthritis; n (%) | 151 (1.6) |
Uveitis; n (%) | 112 (1.2) |
Psoriatic arthritis; n (%) | 35 (0.4) |
Behçet–Krankheit; n (%) | 33 (0.4) |
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Kutschera, M.; Ritschl, V.; Reichardt, B.; Stamm, T.; Kiener, H.; Maier, H.; Reinisch, W.; Benka, B.; Novacek, G. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Initiation of Immunosuppressive Treatment in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases in Austria: A Nationwide Retrospective Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185308
Kutschera M, Ritschl V, Reichardt B, Stamm T, Kiener H, Maier H, Reinisch W, Benka B, Novacek G. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Initiation of Immunosuppressive Treatment in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases in Austria: A Nationwide Retrospective Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(18):5308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185308
Chicago/Turabian StyleKutschera, Maximilian, Valentin Ritschl, Berthold Reichardt, Tanja Stamm, Hans Kiener, Harald Maier, Walter Reinisch, Bernhard Benka, and Gottfried Novacek. 2022. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Initiation of Immunosuppressive Treatment in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases in Austria: A Nationwide Retrospective Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 18: 5308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185308
APA StyleKutschera, M., Ritschl, V., Reichardt, B., Stamm, T., Kiener, H., Maier, H., Reinisch, W., Benka, B., & Novacek, G. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Initiation of Immunosuppressive Treatment in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases in Austria: A Nationwide Retrospective Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(18), 5308. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185308