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Volume 8
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Article

African Swine Fever Circulation among Free-Ranging Pigs in Sardinia: Data from the Eradication Program

by
Giulia Franzoni
1,*,
Silvia Dei Giudici
1,
Federica Loi
2,
Daria Sanna
3,
Matteo Floris
3,
Mariangela Fiori
1,
Maria Luisa Sanna
1,
Paola Madrau
1,
Fabio Scarpa
4,
Susanna Zinellu
1,
Monica Giammarioli
5,
Stefano Cappai
2,
Gian Mario De Mia
5,
Alberto Laddomada
1,
Sandro Rolesu
2 and
Annalisa Oggiano
1
1
Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
2
Epidemiological Veterinary Regional Observatory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 09125 Cagliari, Italy
3
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
4
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
5
National Swine Fever Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell’Umbria e Delle Marche, 06126 Perugia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2020, 8(3), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030549
Submission received: 27 August 2020 / Revised: 14 September 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 / Published: 21 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue African Swine Fever Virus Prevention and Control)
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Abstract

African swine fever virus (ASFV), the cause of a devastating disease affecting domestic and wild pigs, has been present in Sardinia since 1978. In the framework of the regional ASF eradication plan, 4484 illegal pigs were culled between December 2017 and February 2020. The highest disease prevalence was observed in the municipality with the highest free-ranging pig density, and culling actions drastically reduced ASFV circulation among these animals. ASFV-antibody were detected in 36.7% of tested animals, which were apparently healthy, thus, the circulation of low-virulence ASFV isolates was hypothesized. ASFV genome was detected in 53 out of 2726 tested animals, and virus isolation was achieved in two distinct culling actions. Two ASFV haemadsorbing strains were isolated from antibody-positive apparently healthy pigs: 55234/18 and 103917/18. Typing analysis revealed that both isolates belong to p72 genotype I, B602L subgroup X; phylogenetic analysis based on whole genome sequencing data showed that they were closely related to Sardinian ASFV strains collected since 2010, especially 22653/Ca/2014. Our data suggested the absence of immune-escaped ASFV variants circulating among free-ranging pigs, indicating that other elements contributed to virus circulation among these animals. Understanding factors behind disease persistence in endemic settings might contribute to developing effective countermeasures against this disease.
Keywords: African swine fever virus; eradication; free-ranging pigs; genotype I; haemadsorbing; next-generation sequencing; Sardinia African swine fever virus; eradication; free-ranging pigs; genotype I; haemadsorbing; next-generation sequencing; Sardinia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Franzoni, G.; Dei Giudici, S.; Loi, F.; Sanna, D.; Floris, M.; Fiori, M.; Sanna, M.L.; Madrau, P.; Scarpa, F.; Zinellu, S.; et al. African Swine Fever Circulation among Free-Ranging Pigs in Sardinia: Data from the Eradication Program. Vaccines 2020, 8, 549. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030549

AMA Style

Franzoni G, Dei Giudici S, Loi F, Sanna D, Floris M, Fiori M, Sanna ML, Madrau P, Scarpa F, Zinellu S, et al. African Swine Fever Circulation among Free-Ranging Pigs in Sardinia: Data from the Eradication Program. Vaccines. 2020; 8(3):549. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030549

Chicago/Turabian Style

Franzoni, Giulia, Silvia Dei Giudici, Federica Loi, Daria Sanna, Matteo Floris, Mariangela Fiori, Maria Luisa Sanna, Paola Madrau, Fabio Scarpa, Susanna Zinellu, and et al. 2020. "African Swine Fever Circulation among Free-Ranging Pigs in Sardinia: Data from the Eradication Program" Vaccines 8, no. 3: 549. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030549

APA Style

Franzoni, G., Dei Giudici, S., Loi, F., Sanna, D., Floris, M., Fiori, M., Sanna, M. L., Madrau, P., Scarpa, F., Zinellu, S., Giammarioli, M., Cappai, S., De Mia, G. M., Laddomada, A., Rolesu, S., & Oggiano, A. (2020). African Swine Fever Circulation among Free-Ranging Pigs in Sardinia: Data from the Eradication Program. Vaccines, 8(3), 549. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030549

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