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Antioxidants
Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/antiox15060680
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Article

Two New Alkaloids and a Triterpenoid Glycoside from Rosa roxburghii with Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities

by
Lang Zhou
1,2,†,
Yin-Ju Zhang
1,2,3,†,
Wen-Xia Dai
3,
Fa-Ju Chen
1,2,
Xiong Pan
1,2,
Yu Wang
1,2,
Li-Shou Yang
1,2,
Qi-Ji Li
1,2,* and
Xiao-Sheng Yang
1,2,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550014, China
2
Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
3
School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2026, 15(6), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15060680
Submission received: 25 April 2026 / Revised: 23 May 2026 / Accepted: 26 May 2026 / Published: 28 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants)
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Abstract

Rosa roxburghii is a distinctive medicinal and edible plant resource. In an effort to uncover structurally novel secondary metabolites from this plant and explore their pharmacological potential, a phytochemical investigation of the fresh fruits of R. roxburghii led to the isolation of two new dihydroavicine alkaloids, roxburghcids D (1) and E (2), and a new triterpenoid glycoside, roxburghcid C (6), together with five known compounds (3–5, 7–8). The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses (including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS), quantum chemical calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In bioassay evaluations, compounds 2 and 3 exhibited significant ABTS radical scavenging activities, with IC50 values of 39.59 and 17.38 μM, respectively. Additionally, compounds 2, 6, and 8 exhibited modest α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with inhibition rates of 33.13%, 38.61%, and 36.85%, respectively, at a concentration of 100 μM. Furthermore, compounds 2 and 4 showed significant cytotoxicity against the A549 human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 7.23 and 8.36 μM, respectively. This study represents the first report of alkaloids isolated from R. roxburghii, enriching its phytochemical profile and providing valuable chemotaxonomic insights for this species.
Keywords: Rosa roxburghii Tratt.; alkaloids; antioxidant; α-glucosidase inhibition; cytotoxicity Rosa roxburghii Tratt.; alkaloids; antioxidant; α-glucosidase inhibition; cytotoxicity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhou, L.; Zhang, Y.-J.; Dai, W.-X.; Chen, F.-J.; Pan, X.; Wang, Y.; Yang, L.-S.; Li, Q.-J.; Yang, X.-S. Two New Alkaloids and a Triterpenoid Glycoside from Rosa roxburghii with Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities. Antioxidants 2026, 15, 680. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15060680

AMA Style

Zhou L, Zhang Y-J, Dai W-X, Chen F-J, Pan X, Wang Y, Yang L-S, Li Q-J, Yang X-S. Two New Alkaloids and a Triterpenoid Glycoside from Rosa roxburghii with Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities. Antioxidants. 2026; 15(6):680. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15060680

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhou, Lang, Yin-Ju Zhang, Wen-Xia Dai, Fa-Ju Chen, Xiong Pan, Yu Wang, Li-Shou Yang, Qi-Ji Li, and Xiao-Sheng Yang. 2026. "Two New Alkaloids and a Triterpenoid Glycoside from Rosa roxburghii with Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities" Antioxidants 15, no. 6: 680. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15060680

APA Style

Zhou, L., Zhang, Y.-J., Dai, W.-X., Chen, F.-J., Pan, X., Wang, Y., Yang, L.-S., Li, Q.-J., & Yang, X.-S. (2026). Two New Alkaloids and a Triterpenoid Glycoside from Rosa roxburghii with Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities. Antioxidants, 15(6), 680. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15060680

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