Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity
Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
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Academic Editor: Stefania Filosa
Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020313
Received: 1 February 2021
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Revised: 16 February 2021
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Accepted: 17 February 2021
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Published: 19 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reactive Oxygen Species in Different Biological Processes)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemically defined group of reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen. ROS are involved in a plethora of processes in cells in all domains of life, ranging from bacteria, plants and animals, including humans. The importance of ROS for macrophage-mediated immunity is unquestioned. Their functions comprise direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria and parasites as well as redox-regulation of immune signaling and induction of inflammasome activation. However, only a few studies have performed in-depth ROS analyses and even fewer have identified the precise redox-regulated target molecules. In this review, we will give a brief introduction to ROS and their sources in macrophages, summarize the versatile roles of ROS in direct and indirect antimicrobial immune defense, and provide an overview of commonly used ROS probes, scavengers and inhibitors.
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Keywords:
macrophages; reactive oxygen species; mitochondria; NADPH oxidases; infection; redox signaling; antimicrobial defense; inflammasome; immunity; ROS scavenging; ROS detection
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Herb, M.; Schramm, M. Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020313
AMA Style
Herb M, Schramm M. Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(2):313. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020313
Chicago/Turabian StyleHerb, Marc, and Michael Schramm. 2021. "Functions of ROS in Macrophages and Antimicrobial Immunity" Antioxidants 10, no. 2: 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020313
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