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Brain Sciences
Volume 13
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10.3390/brainsci13010072
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Article

Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains

by
Nafe M. Al-Tawarah
1,*,
Zulal Kaptan
2,
Hashem A. Abu-Harirah
3,
Mohammad Nofal
4,
Belal Almajali
1,
Sultan Jarrar
5,
Zubeyir Bayraktaroğlu
6,
Haitham Qaralleh
1,
Khaled M. Khleifat
1,
Ziya Y. Ziylan
2,
Rawand H. Al dmour
1,
Moath Alqaraleh
7 and
Sacit Karamursel
8
1
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah 61710, Jordan
2
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, Bolu 14030, Turkey
3
Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
4
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Kerak 61710, Jordan
5
Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
6
Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
7
Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
8
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010072
Submission received: 20 November 2022 / Revised: 19 December 2022 / Accepted: 26 December 2022 / Published: 30 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral Neuroscience)
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Abstract

Background: This study sought to determine whether (1) evidence is available of interactions between anodal tDCS and oscillated tDCS stimulation patterns to increase the power of endogenous brain oscillations and (2) the frequency matching the applied anodal otDCS’s frequency and the brain’s dominant intrinsic frequency influence power shifting during stimulation pattern sessions by both anodal DCS and anodal oscillated DCS. Method: Rats received different anodal tDCS and otDCS stimulation patterns using 8.5 Hz and 13 Hz state-related dominant intrinsic frequencies of anodal otDCS. The rats were divided into groups with specific stimulation patterns: group A: tDCS–otDCS (8.5 Hz)–otDCS (13 Hz); group B: otDCS (8.5 Hz)–tDCS–otDCS (13 Hz); group C: otDCS (13 Hz)–tDCS–otDCS (8.5 Hz). Acute relative power changes (i.e., following 10 min stimulation sessions) in six frequency bands—delta (1.5–4 Hz), theta (4–7 Hz), alpha-1 (7–10 Hz), alpha-2 (10–12 Hz), beta-1 (12–15 Hz) and beta-2 (15–20 Hz)—were compared using three factors and repeated ANOVA measurement. Results: For each stimulation, tDCS increased theta power band and, above bands alpha and beta, a drop in delta power was observed. Anodal otDCS had a mild increasing power effect in both matched intrinsic and delta bands. In group pattern stimulations, increased power of endogenous frequencies matched exogenous otDCS frequencies—8.5 Hz or 13 Hz—with more potent effects in upper bands. The power was markedly more potent with the otDCS–tDCS stimulation pattern than the tDCS–otDCS pattern. Significance: The findings suggest that the otDCS–tDCS pattern stimulation increased the power in matched intrinsic oscillations and, significantly, in the above bands in an ascending order. We provide evidence for the successful corporation between otDCS (as frequency-matched guidance) and tDCS (as a power generator) rather than tDCS alone when stimulating a desired brain intrinsic band (herein, tES specificity).
Keywords: tDCS; otDCS; EEG; frontal cortex; relative band power tDCS; otDCS; EEG; frontal cortex; relative band power

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MDPI and ACS Style

Al-Tawarah, N.M.; Kaptan, Z.; Abu-Harirah, H.A.; Nofal, M.; Almajali, B.; Jarrar, S.; Bayraktaroğlu, Z.; Qaralleh, H.; Khleifat, K.M.; Ziylan, Z.Y.; et al. Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010072

AMA Style

Al-Tawarah NM, Kaptan Z, Abu-Harirah HA, Nofal M, Almajali B, Jarrar S, Bayraktaroğlu Z, Qaralleh H, Khleifat KM, Ziylan ZY, et al. Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains. Brain Sciences. 2023; 13(1):72. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010072

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al-Tawarah, Nafe M., Zulal Kaptan, Hashem A. Abu-Harirah, Mohammad Nofal, Belal Almajali, Sultan Jarrar, Zubeyir Bayraktaroğlu, Haitham Qaralleh, Khaled M. Khleifat, Ziya Y. Ziylan, and et al. 2023. "Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains" Brain Sciences 13, no. 1: 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010072

APA Style

Al-Tawarah, N. M., Kaptan, Z., Abu-Harirah, H. A., Nofal, M., Almajali, B., Jarrar, S., Bayraktaroğlu, Z., Qaralleh, H., Khleifat, K. M., Ziylan, Z. Y., Al dmour, R. H., Alqaraleh, M., & Karamursel, S. (2023). Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains. Brain Sciences, 13(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010072

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