Urinary Levels of Free 2,5-Hexanedione in Italian Subjects Non-Occupationally Exposed to n-Hexane
by
Fabiola Salamon *, Andrea Martinelli, Andrea Trevisan, Maria Luisa Scapellato, Giovanni Battista Bartolucci and Mariella Carrieri
Fabiola Salamon *, Andrea Martinelli, Andrea Trevisan, Maria Luisa Scapellato, Giovanni Battista Bartolucci and Mariella Carrieri
Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(24), 5277; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245277
Received: 18 October 2019 / Revised: 27 November 2019 / Accepted: 2 December 2019 / Published: 4 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring in Occupational Medicine)
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the urinary levels of free 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) in Italian subjects non-occupationally exposed to n-hexane, in order to define background values in non-occupational settings. The study was carried out on 99 subjects of the general population. The analysis of free 2,5-HD was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Personal information about the subjects was ascertained by means of a self-administered questionnaire. The urinary levels of free 2,5-HD were in the range of <12.0–77.9 µg/L (5th–95th percentiles). The urinary excretion of the metabolite did not seem to be influenced by gender, age, smoking habit or area of residence. Statistically significant differences (p = 0.03) were found between the free 2,5-HD urinary levels according to the vehicular traffic intensity within the area of residence and to body mass index of subjects. The background levels of free 2,5-HD found in this study could contribute to the definition of reference values of general population non-occupationally exposed and could be useful to the toxicologists and industrial hygienists to determine whether workers have been exposed to higher levels of n-hexane than the general population.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
n-hexane; free 2,5-hexanedione; biological monitoring; non-occupationally exposed population
▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Salamon, F.; Martinelli, A.; Trevisan, A.; Scapellato, M.L.; Bartolucci, G.B.; Carrieri, M. Urinary Levels of Free 2,5-Hexanedione in Italian Subjects Non-Occupationally Exposed to n-Hexane. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 5277.
Show more citation formats
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
