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Article

Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Ecological Risk for City Parks, Vicinity of a Landfill, and an Industrial Area within Guangzhou, South China

1
School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
2
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
3
Guangzhou Institute of Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510440, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(18), 9345; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12189345
Submission received: 19 August 2022 / Revised: 13 September 2022 / Accepted: 15 September 2022 / Published: 18 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology Impact of Heavy Metals)

Abstract

As a primary sink of pollutants, urban soil heavy metal pollution and its influence on urban residents and ecosystems has been becoming one of the most important environmental problems. In the present study, four indices, the Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), improved Nemerow index (IMN), degree of contamination (mCd), and contamination security index (CSI), as well as potential ecological risk (RI), were used to evaluate individual or integrated heavy metal pollution and its ecological risk for soil samples collected from city parks, the vicinity of a landfill, and an industrial area within the city of Guangzhou. The results indicated that the improved Nemerow index (IMN) calculated from the Geoaccumulation index was suitable for heavy metal pollution assessment of soils within landfills and industrial areas. As for soils collected from city parks, degree of contamination (mCd) was more suitable than IMN. Heavy metals Cd, Hg, Zn, and As were the main pollution elements in urban soils of Guangzhou. Potential ecological risks were mainly caused by Cd and Hg in urban soil of Guangzhou. Soil samples collected from city parks and the vicinity of the industrial area were moderately to highly and even extremely seriously polluted by heavy metals. Differing from the traditional cognition of the public, the ecological impact of heavy metal in soil in the vicinity of the landfill was similar to or even better than that within city parks.
Keywords: ecological risk; heavy metal pollution; surface soil; city parks; vicinity of landfill; industrial area; Guangzhou ecological risk; heavy metal pollution; surface soil; city parks; vicinity of landfill; industrial area; Guangzhou

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhou, H.; Ouyang, T.; Guo, Y.; Peng, S.; He, C.; Zhu, Z. Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Ecological Risk for City Parks, Vicinity of a Landfill, and an Industrial Area within Guangzhou, South China. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 9345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12189345

AMA Style

Zhou H, Ouyang T, Guo Y, Peng S, He C, Zhu Z. Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Ecological Risk for City Parks, Vicinity of a Landfill, and an Industrial Area within Guangzhou, South China. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(18):9345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12189345

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhou, Huimin, Tingping Ouyang, Yu Guo, Shasha Peng, Chenjian He, and Zhaoyu Zhu. 2022. "Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Ecological Risk for City Parks, Vicinity of a Landfill, and an Industrial Area within Guangzhou, South China" Applied Sciences 12, no. 18: 9345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12189345

APA Style

Zhou, H., Ouyang, T., Guo, Y., Peng, S., He, C., & Zhu, Z. (2022). Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Ecological Risk for City Parks, Vicinity of a Landfill, and an Industrial Area within Guangzhou, South China. Applied Sciences, 12(18), 9345. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12189345

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