Search Results (18,289)

This study examines the evolutionary characteristics and potential influencing factors of production–living–ecological spaces (PLES) in resource-exhausted cities, using Zaozhuang City in Shandong Province—the first coal-based resource-exhausted city in eastern China—as a case study. A territorial spatial transition matrix, dynamic degree model, Geo-information Tupu, chord diagram visualization, and Pearson correlation analysis were integrated to examine PLES evolution from 2000 to 2020. The results show the following: (1) Spatial conversions were relatively frequent during 2000–2010 but slowed markedly after 2010, indicating clear stage-specific characteristics. (2) Urban living space, rural living space, and industrial and mining production space continued to expand, while water ecological space increased with fluctuations. In contrast, agricultural production space and terrestrial ecological space continued to decline. Urban living space expanded mainly around the built-up areas of Shizhong District, Xuecheng District, and Tengzhou City and around major industrial parks, while conversions between rural living space and agricultural production space were particularly frequent. (3) PLES changes showed varying degrees of association with resource endowment, economic and industrial development, population and transport, and planning and policy, with differentiated responses among spatial types. Zaozhuang’s designation as a resource-exhausted city in 2009 occurred shortly before spatial evolution became more stable after 2010, providing important contextual evidence for understanding this stage transition. Overall, PLES evolution shifted from outward expansion under resource development toward spatial stabilization and stock-based restructuring during the resource-exhausted stage. These findings provide empirical insights for resource-exhausted cities with similar coal-dependent development trajectories and transformation contexts. Full article

Urban transport infrastructure shapes accessibility and the spatial organization of economic activity, yet its relationship with city-level industrial transformation remains insufficiently understood. This study examines the association between urban road infrastructure provision and industrial upgrading using 2446 city-year observations for 253 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2024. Road provision is measured by the natural logarithm of per capita urban road area reported by the China Stock Market & Accounting Research (CSMAR) Database, while industrial upgrading is measured by the ratio of tertiary- to secondary-industry value added. Two-way fixed-effects estimates indicate a positive but economically modest association (β = 0.1345, p = 0.034). However, the coefficient becomes statistically insignificant with province-by-year fixed effects, and the positive estimate for non-shrinking city-years is imprecise, so population shrinkage cannot be ruled out as contributing to the baseline association. Alternative measures of absolute road scale and network density are not statistically significant. The findings therefore apply most directly to road provision relative to population and do not establish a causal effect or empirically verified mechanism. They support more targeted assessments of how urban road provision aligns with structural transition and provide a basis for future research using direct measures of network performance, congestion, and accessibility. Full article

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is being used a lot in important areas like advanced manufacturing, smart energy systems, and intelligent cities. Watching for intrusion detection is very important for the safety of the IIoT. Nevertheless, multivariate sensor sequences frequently demonstrate pronounced physical coupling, non-stationarity, and periodicity concurrently, rendering it prone for detection models grounded in statistical correlation to erroneously classify normal collaborative variations as anomalies. Moreover, prevailing methods predominantly concentrate on single-domain representations within either the time or frequency domain, posing challenges in addressing both burst and periodic attacks concurrently. To address these challenges, this article introduces the Time–Frequency Dual-Branch Fusion and PCMCI-Based Association-Guided Network (TFPAG-Net) for IIoT Intrusion Detection. This model initially constructs a lightweight temporal convolutional network backbone employing depthwise separable convolutions. Subsequently, parallel branches in the time and frequency domains are established to respectively model local abrupt changes, long-range dependencies, and periodic spectral structures, with time–frequency feature fusion facilitated through a sample-dependent gating mechanism. Building on this, multi-scale temporal pyramids are employed to amalgamate fine, intermediate, and coarse-scale information. Furthermore, as an auxiliary refinement, a lagged conditional-dependence prior estimated from the training data via PCMCI is projected into a bounded attention bias to provide supplementary guidance for channel feature reweighting. Evaluations on Edge-IIoTset, X-IIoTID, and SWaT yield mean Macro-F1 scores of 0.9886, 0.9466, and 0.9607, respectively, over five predefined random seeds. Under the unified training protocol, TFPAG-Net ranks second on Edge-IIoTset and achieves the highest mean Macro-F1 on X-IIoTID and SWaT. Ablation experiments show dataset-dependent effects of the proposed components. On Edge-IIoTset and X-IIoTID, the final attention-stage improvement reflects the joint effect of SE-based modulation and the PCMCI-derived association prior. Accordingly, PCMCI is treated as an auxiliary association refinement rather than a principal contribution of TFPAG-Net. Additionally, TFPAG-Net maintains a moderate computational footprint, with approximately 0.29 M parameters, providing a favorable balance between model complexity and intrusion detection performance. Full article

Vacuum freeze-drying, commonly referred to as lyophilization, is one of the primary processes in vaccine industrial manufacturing. It offers significant advantages, including a marked extension of the shelf-life of dried products, effective preservation of biological activity, and user convenience. However, in the production of animal freeze-dried vaccines, the diverse nature of antigens, the complexity of heat-stable protectant formulations, and variations in manufacturing equipment pose substantial challenges to process design for animal freeze-dried vaccines. Commercially available animal freeze-dried vaccines commonly suffer from antigen potency loss, insufficient product stability, low production efficiency and high manufacturing costs. Freeze-drying process optimization can markedly improve the quality of freeze-dried vaccines, with key evaluation indicators including vaccine stability, shelf-life, sample morphology, and residual moisture content. Focusing on multiple types of animal vaccines, this review summarizes research advances in improving the quality of animal freeze-dried vaccines from the perspectives of modifying material properties, enhancing freezing-stage regulation, increasing the specific surface area for drying, and optimizing heat conduction. Finally, future research strategies for animal freeze-dried vaccines are prospected. Although numerous approaches have been proposed to enhance the quality of animal freeze-dried vaccines, comprehensive considerations from multiple dimensions are still required to provide more holistic theoretical support for cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the production of animal freeze-dried vaccines. Full article

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains the leading cause of irreversible, severe visual loss among elderly populations in industrialized nations. The clinical spectrum ranges from early forms, characterized by the accumulation of extracellular deposits known as drusen, to advanced, vision-threatening late stages. While anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for neovascular AMD is the standard of care, geographic atrophy has remained a progressive condition. Geographic atrophy is a chronic neurodegenerative disease defined pathologically by the concurrent, progressive loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the overlying photoreceptors, and the underlying choriocapillaris. Historically, the diagnosis and monitoring of GA relied on color fundus photography, which identified the lesions as sharply demarcated, well-circumscribed round or oval areas of depigmentation through which underlying choroidal vessels became clinically visible. However, the advent of high-resolution multimodal imaging—particularly fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT)—has necessitated a modernization of this terminology. Despite the imaging consensus, the fundamental pathophysiology of GA remains the subject of intense academic and clinical debate. The controversy focuses on identifying the primary cellular culprit responsible for initiating the cascade of degeneration. The “top-down” hypothesis suggests that intracellular metabolic failure, oxidative stress, and senescence within the RPE trigger the secondary dysfunction and death of the adjacent photoreceptors and choriocapillaris. Conversely, the “bottom-up” vascular hypothesis argues that age-related and complement activation–driven hemodynamic insufficiency, ischemic dropout, and structural involution of the choriocapillaris precede RPE dysfunction, creating a hypoxic microenvironment that drives the subsequent epithelial collapse. This narrative review scrutinizes the exact molecular, genetic, and structural mechanisms governing the expansion of geographic atrophy. By dissecting the evidence supporting both the RPE and the choriocapillaris as primary instigators, this analysis explores the paradigm that GA represents a synergistic failure of the outer blood–retinal barrier—a symbiotic trophic unit highly dependent on precise vascular and epithelial crosstalk, tightly regulated complement cascades, and extracellular matrix integrity. Full article

With the growing global emphasis on environmental protection, energy conservation, and emission reduction, along with rapid advances in precision machinery and manufacturing technologies, energy-efficient multi-blade centrifugal fans have become a key research area worldwide. These devices, commonly referred to as multi-blade centrifugal fans, utilize an impeller with multiple blades to transport air or gas, operating on the same fundamental principles as conventional centrifugal fans. Due to their ability to deliver high flow rates with high efficiency and stable performance, they are widely used in ventilation, air conditioning, and industrial applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the research and development of multi-blade centrifugal fans. It covers key aspects of component design and optimization, including the impeller, volute, collector, and rim clearance. The review also addresses critical issues, including rotating stall, vibration, noise generation, and material selection. Furthermore, it highlights emerging perspectives, including the application of entropy production theory to elucidate flow mechanisms, strategies for performance optimization, advanced technologies for material innovation, and protective devices to enhance operational reliability and functionality. This review provides guidance for future research and development aimed at improving the efficiency and performance of multi-blade centrifugal fans across diverse applications. Full article

This study investigated whether black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL; Hermetia illucens L.) produced on polyphenol-rich agro-industrial by-products could enhance broiler meat lipid quality and oxidative stability during refrigerated storage. A total of 200 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to five dietary treatments: control diet, 5% standard full-fat BSFL meal, 10% standard full-fat BSFL meal, 10% full-fat BSFL meals produced on olive leaf and spent tea residues, and 10% defatted BSFL meal. Compared with standard full-fat BSFL meal, the olive leaf–spent tea BSFL meal showed markedly higher total phenolic content (6.74 vs. 1.82 mg GAE/g DM), DPPH radical-scavenging activity (54.80 vs. 22.40%) and ABTS antioxidant capacity (38.20 vs. 15.60 umol TE/g DM), together with lower peroxide value (1.46 vs. 2.38 meq O₂/kg lipid) and TBARS (0.24 vs. 0.39 mg MDA/kg meal). Also, when compared with 10% standard full-fat BSFL meal, the olive leaf–spent tea BSFL meal improved final body weight (2592.8 vs. 2511.6 g) and feed conversion ratio (1.53 vs. 1.58). Breast meat from this group contained higher oleic acid (40.52 vs. 37.48%) and a-linolenic acid (1.72 vs. 1.29%), while showing a lower n-6/n-3 ratio (11.81 vs. 14.49) and thrombogenicity index (0.78 vs. 0.92). After 10 days of refrigerated storage, breast meat from birds fed the polyphenol-enriched BSFL meal showed markedly lower oxidative deterioration, as indicated by reduced TBARS values (0.60 vs. 1.12 mg MDA/kg), protein carbonyl formation (2.16 vs. 3.35 nmol/mg protein) and hexanal abundance (5.10 vs. 11.90 a.u.; internal-standard-normalized peak area). This treatment also better-preserved redness, as reflected by higher CIE values (3.52 vs. 2.40), compared to the control group. Overall, these results suggest that substrate-tailored BSFL meal may serve as a functional feed ingredient for improving the lipid quality of broilers’ breast meat and delaying oxidation-driven quality deterioration during refrigerated storage. Full article

Urban spatial patterns regulate microclimates, yet those nonlinear interactive actions of 2D landscape patterns and 3D building morphology on land surface temperature (LST) among diverse urban functional zones (UFZs) remain insufficiently quantified. Using Shenyang as the case study, this study coupled Bayesian-optimized LightGBM and GeoShapley to disentangle these driving mechanisms. The models demonstrated high predictive accuracy (R² > 0.84 across all UFZs). Results show high-temperature zone proportions ranking as: commercial (17.93%) > public service (11.40%) > residential (8.70%) > industrial (3.97%). Further factor analysis reveals that while geographic location is the predominant overall driver, after removing this baseline effect, residential, public service, and commercial zones are mainly regulated by MNDWI and NDVI, while industrial zones are dominated by Spatial Congestion Degree (SCD) and Floor Area Ratio (FAR). Morphological metrics exhibit clear ecological thresholds: residential zones show turning points at FAR 1.19 and NDVI 0.13; commercial zones see SCD’s cooling effect reverse to warming beyond 0.27; industrial zones experience sharp deterioration when SCD and FAR exceed 0.09 and 0.51, respectively. These findings demonstrate the necessity of UFZ-based differentiated spatial regulation and provide actionable thresholds for climate-adaptive urban planning. Full article

The textile industry is considered a high-risk sector due to its labor-intensive nature and the numerous hazards present in the production area. Furthermore, musculoskeletal disorders resulting from repetitive movements, improper posture, and excessive physical workload observed in textile workers are among the most significant occupational health problems. In this study, ergonomic risks in the dyeing, weaving, and sewing departments of an upholstery fabric manufacturing factory were evaluated using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method. Based on the REBA scores, cycle times, and repetition frequencies, an REBA-weighted ergonomic workload index was calculated for each task. Based on the obtained data, separate mathematical optimization models were developed for each department to minimize the maximum individual REBA-weighted ergonomic workload index under different predefined staffing scenarios. For each scenario, the model optimized the allocation of task repetitions among the available operators, and alternative staffing configurations were evaluated based on ergonomic workload distribution and workforce requirements. The results showed that the proposed approach enabled a more balanced distribution of ergonomic workload among operators, particularly in departments characterized by high repetition frequencies. Based on the evaluated scenarios, configurations of six operators for dyeing, three for weaving, and five for sewing were selected as the proposed staffing configurations. These findings indicate that ergonomic improvement in textile production should not rely solely on posture correction but should also consider workload distribution, staffing levels, and organizational improvements. Overall, the proposed approach provides a decision-support framework for evaluating staffing scenarios and optimizing task allocation to improve ergonomic workload balance in textile production environments. Full article

The incorporation of Digital Twins (DT) into the healthcare industry marks a revolution in terms of adopting a more proactive and personalized approach towards patient care. The increasing complexity of technological tools employed within the healthcare environment leads to assessing the potential impacts of these digital models in collaboration with AI and IoT for increased efficiency and improved results. In this context, this study offers a systematic review of existing research regarding DTs in the field of healthcare, with specific consideration of hospital applications. An extensive literature search was performed within the Scopus database for peer-reviewed publications during the period from 2021 to 2026. Following a demanding screening process, 70 relevant articles were found that fulfilled the selection criteria. The review shows an emerging trend towards the application of AI-based Digital Twins in the real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance of medical devices, and planning surgeries. The paper analyses several key characteristics of healthcare DTs, including their design and architecture, and the benefits they generate. It also presents the challenges related to data integration and ethics surrounding virtual health models and recommendations for future research. In conclusion, this review demonstrates the revolutionary role of AI- and IoT-enabled Digital Twins in the transformation of hospitals’ infrastructures. This paper summarizes the latest developments and gaps in this field and offers a starting point for further research in this area. Full article

Induction motors play a vital role in industrial operations; however, stator inter-turn short-circuits faults remain a common and critical source of failure. This paper presents a machine learning-based diagnostic approach for detecting stator inter-turn short-circuit faults in three-phase induction motors operating at 50 Hz. Secondary data from a controlled test bench were processed using Power Spectral Density to determine energy distribution and guide the design of a Butterworth bandpass filter (20–350 Hz). The filtered signals were then analyzed using the Hilbert Transform to extract statistical features, which were ranked using the Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance algorithm to identify the most discriminative parameters. Two supervised classifiers, Support Vector Machine and Random Forest, were developed and validated using MATLAB’s Classification learner app with 5-fold cross-validation. The Support Vector Machine achieved an accuracy of 94.19%, while the Random Forest model achieved 99.51% with macro and F1-scores of 0.9951 and near-perfect area under the curve values. The results confirm that the Random Forest classifier provides superior generalization, sensitivity, and robustness in fault detection compared to Support Vector Machine. This study successfully demonstrates that combining Power Spectral Density, Hilbert Transform, Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance, and ensemble learning yields a highly effective framework for predictive maintenance and reliable fault diagnosis in industrial motor applications. Full article

Nagqu and Nyingchi, two typical regions in Xizang with distinctly contrasting climatic conditions, are highly representative of the complex and diverse climate patterns across the plateau. This study compared the microbial community structures and volatile compound profiles of naturally air-dried yak jerky produced in these two areas. Significant differences in key physicochemical properties, including pH, moisture content, color, and texture, were also detected between the jerky samples from the two regions. Using high-throughput sequencing and headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry, results revealed significant regional variations in the microbial communities and volatile organic compound (VOC) of yak jerky. For Nagqu City, the dominant bacterial and fungal genera were Gemmiger and Pseudogymnoascus, respectively; whereas in Nyingchi, the dominant bacterial and fungal genera were Brochothrix and Naganishia, respectively. A total of 94 VOCs were identified in the yak jerky, categorized into six classes: 18 aldehydes, 37 esters, 8 alcohols, 3 ketones, 12 hydrocarbons, and 16 others. Esters were identified as the potential contributors to the characteristic aroma profile of yak jerky. These findings provide valuable insights for the standardization and industrial production of yak jerky in Xizang. As this work analysed only four air-dried samples, it should be regarded as a preliminary characterisation; the number of samples needs to be enlarged in further studies. Full article

Taking Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as a case, this study analyzes the spatial differentiation and driving mechanisms of characteristic agricultural demonstration zones in China’s southwest border region, aiming to provide theoretical support for rural revitalization and high-quality agricultural development in border areas. A total of 650 autonomous region-level agricultural demonstration zones in Guangxi are selected as research subjects, and spatial analysis methods including Kernel Density Estimation and Geographical Detector are employed to identify their spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors from multiple dimensions. The results show that the demonstration zones exhibit significant agglomeration, with the southern and eastern parts of Guangxi forming the core area and presenting a “dual-core, multi-nodal” uneven distribution pattern. Crop cultivation dominates the industrial structure; water and land resources serve as the primary constraints, while leading agricultural enterprises act as key economic drivers, and all factor interactions show synergistic enhancement effects. It is concluded that the spatial pattern of the demonstration zones is shaped by the coupling of multiple factors including natural endowments, industrial entities and policy support, among which natural resources play a fundamental foundational role. To improve the construction quality of these zones, it is necessary to optimize the spatial layout based on border advantages, cultivate local business entities, develop distinctive industries by region, and coordinate the synergistic allocation of multiple elements. Full article

Tropical viticulture has reached a considerable scale worldwide. Driven by innovative production systems such as two-harvests-a-year cultivation and ripening regulation, tropical grape-growing regions have become dynamic and economically significant viticultural areas. Most grape varieties currently cultivated in the tropics were originally bred in traditional temperate zones. When introduced to tropical regions, they often suffer from poor dormancy release, high disease and pest pressure, and compromised fruit quality. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct localized breeding directly under tropical stress conditions (e.g., high temperature, high humidity) to develop varieties with key target traits, including low chilling requirement, heat tolerance, disease resistance, suitability for two-harvest cultivation, good flavor, and good storage and transport tolerance. This paper systematically reviews the current status and breeding progress of the grape industry in major tropical viticultural regions, such as India, Brazil, and China. It summarizes the advances made by breeding teams in these countries in germplasm collection, crossbreeding, bud mutation selection, and the breeding and release of new varieties. The review concludes that developing adapted varieties through targeted breeding in tropics is essential for the sustainable and high-quality development of the grape industry in tropical regions. Full article

This study proposes a conceptual framework to operationalize the transition from conventional, technical, and material-centric circularity to an inclusive socio-technical paradigm through the deployment of a Co-Creative Digital Process Twin (DPT) framework in Progreso, Hidalgo, Mexico. The primary objective is to bridge the gap between technocentric industrial applications and the socio-technical needs of developing regions, specifically by integrating informal waste pickers (pepenadores) into a formal circular economy ecosystem. The methodology is structured into three distinct stages: a systematic scoping review following PRISMA-ScR protocols to identify architectural gaps in the current literature; the generation of a conceptual framework and Business Model Canvas grounded in participatory design; and the formulation of Key Performance Indicators for future longitudinal testing. The results indicate a profound bias in existing digital twin research toward industrial automation, with a near-total absence of social inclusion mechanisms. In response, this study presents a multidimensional business model featuring service-oriented cooperative architecture. This system utilizes open standards (FIWARE, BPMN 2.0) and crowdsourcing platforms (Ushahidi) to maximize material recovery while ensuring socio-economic equity. This will need to be verified in future studies. A limitation of this study is its specificity to a single municipality with certain characteristics, which could hinder its immediate generalization to metropolitan areas. Furthermore, the success of the model could depend on basic digital literacy and a stable telecommunications infrastructure. Full article