The Effect of Appearance Anxiety on Social Anxiety among College Students: Sequential Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Appearance Anxiety and Social Anxiety
1.2. The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy
1.3. The Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem
1.4. Research Purposes
2. Method
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Social Appearance Anxiety Scale
2.2.2. General Self-Efficacy Scale
2.2.3. Self-Esteem Scale
2.2.4. Social Anxiety Scale
2.3. Analytical Method
2.4. Common Method Biases Test
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Analysis
3.2. Mediating Effect Test
4. Discussion
4.1. The Impact of Appearance Anxiety on Social Anxiety among College Students
4.2. The Role of Self-Efficacy as a Mediator
4.3. The Role of Self-Esteem as a Mediator
4.4. The Sequential Mediation Effect of Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem
4.5. Implications and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N/M | %/SD | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 21.25 | 1.75 | |
Gender | Male | 68 | 29.10 |
Female | 166 | 70.90 |
Gender | N | M | SD | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Appearance Anxiety | Male | 68 | 2.88 | 0.77 | −0.32 | 0.75 |
Female | 166 | 2.92 | 0.84 | |||
2. Self-efficacy | Male | 68 | 2.74 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.65 |
Female | 166 | 2.71 | 0.45 | |||
3. Self-esteem | Male | 68 | 2.88 | 0.44 | 0.62 | 0.54 |
Female | 166 | 2.84 | 0.44 | |||
4. Social anxiety | Male | 68 | 3.30 | 0.58 | −1.49 | 0.14 |
Female | 166 | 3.42 | 0.52 |
M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Appearance anxiety | 2.91 | 0.82 | - | |||
2. Self-efficacy | 2.85 | 0.44 | −0.29 ** | - | ||
3. Self-esteem | 2.72 | 0.44 | −0.34 ** | 0.43 ** | - | |
4. Social anxiety | 3.38 | 0.54 | 0.43 ** | −0.32 ** | −0.38 ** | - |
Self-Efficacy | Self-Esteem | Social Anxiety | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | SE | t | b | SE | t | b | SE | t | |
Constant | 3.21 | 0.14 | 22.23 *** | 2.30 | 0.23 | 9.79 *** | 3.82 | 0.34 | 11.37 *** |
Gender | −0.02 | 0.06 | −0.38 | −0.02 | 0.06 | −0.43 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 1.38 |
Appearance anxiety | −0.16 | 0.03 | −4.60 *** | −0.13 | 0.03 | −3.97 | 0.21 | 0.04 | 5.22 *** |
Self-efficacy | 0.36 | 0.06 | 5.88 *** | −0.17 | 0.08 | −2.21 * | |||
Self-esteem | −0.26 | 0.08 | −3.30 *** | ||||||
R2 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.27 | ||||||
F | 10.68 | 23.37 | 21.39 |
Effect | BootSE | BootLLCI | BootULCI | Ratio of Total Effects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Effect | |||||
Path 1: Appearance Anxiety → Social Anxiety | 0.21 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 73.81% |
Indirect Effect | |||||
Path 2: Appearance Anxiety → Self-Efficacy → Social Anxiety | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 9.35% |
Path 3: Appearance Anxiety → Self-Esteem → Social Anxiety | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 11.76% |
Path 4: Appearance Anxiety → Self-Efficacy → Self-Esteem → Social Anxiety | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 5.04% |
TOTAL Mediation Effect | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 26.19% |
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Liao, J.; Xia, T.; Xu, X.; Pan, L. The Effect of Appearance Anxiety on Social Anxiety among College Students: Sequential Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem. Behav. Sci. 2023, 13, 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13080692
Liao J, Xia T, Xu X, Pan L. The Effect of Appearance Anxiety on Social Anxiety among College Students: Sequential Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem. Behavioral Sciences. 2023; 13(8):692. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13080692
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiao, Jieying, Tiansheng Xia, Xuan Xu, and Li Pan. 2023. "The Effect of Appearance Anxiety on Social Anxiety among College Students: Sequential Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem" Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 8: 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13080692