Social Sciences

18 pages, 672 KB

Open AccessArticle

Decomposing the Gender Gap in Financial Inclusion: An Oaxaca–Blinder Analysis for Peru, 2024

by Julio Cesar Quispe-Mamani, Santotomas Licimaco Aguilar-Pinto, Duverly Joao Incacutipa-Limachi, Marleny Quispe-Layme, Giovana Araseli Flores-Turpo, Rolando Cáceres-Quenta, Maria Isabel Alegre-Larico, Adderly Mamani-Flores, Wily Leopoldo Velásquez-Velásquez, Charles Arturo Rosado-Chávez and Marcial Guevara-Mamani

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 567; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090567 - 22 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1178

Abstract

The objective of this study was to quantify and decompose the gender gap in access to and use of financial services in Peru for the year 2024, distinguishing between the portion explained by observable characteristics and the unexplained component, which is associated with [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to quantify and decompose the gender gap in access to and use of financial services in Peru for the year 2024, distinguishing between the portion explained by observable characteristics and the unexplained component, which is associated with discrimination or differential returns. The methodology employed a quantitative analysis based on the National Household Survey (ENAHO), using weighted and unweighted Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition models on a representative sample of 14,240 household members. The explanatory variables included age, monthly household income, years of education, area of residence, marital status, employment status, and participation in social programs. The findings revealed a significant gender gap in financial inclusion of −2.16 percentage points, with the majority attributable to the unexplained component (−0.0724), indicating structural inequalities in the returns men and women receive from their characteristics. Variables such as years of education, monthly household income, and age had significant effects but yielded lower benefits for women. It is concluded that closing the gender gap in financial inclusion in Peru requires more than improving women’s individual characteristics; it also entails addressing differential returns and promoting gender-focused public policies that ensure equitable conditions in accessing the formal financial system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Social Economics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1977 KB

Open AccessArticle

Portuguese Military Spending in the NATO Context: A Short Illustrative Paper

by Ricardo Ferraz

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090566 - 19 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1826

Abstract

In the context of strong geopolitical tensions worldwide, this paper aims to present a brief illustrative analysis of Portuguese military spending within the NATO context. It was concluded that over the past decades, this variable has consistently remained below 2% of the GDP, [...] Read more.

In the context of strong geopolitical tensions worldwide, this paper aims to present a brief illustrative analysis of Portuguese military spending within the NATO context. It was concluded that over the past decades, this variable has consistently remained below 2% of the GDP, with Portugal recording one of the lowest values in NATO in 2024. When broken down by component, personnel expenses represented the largest share of Portugal’s military spending and ranked among the highest in NATO. This seems to be mainly because other categories show very low levels of expenditure, possibly due to budgetary constraints. When assessed on a per capita basis or in relation to the size of the territory, personnel expenses were found to be close to the NATO average, despite Portugal having one of the lowest numbers of military personnel per 100,000 inhabitants. In contrast, equipment expenses were well below the NATO average. Thus, considering the Portuguese government’s intention to increase defense spending, it is expected that the coming years will bring greater investment in the production and/or acquisition of equipment, along with policy measures aimed at increasing the number of military personnel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section International Politics and Relations)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 269 KB

Open AccessArticle

Regional Autonomy in Nigeria: Influence on Dynamics of Governance and National Integration

by Olugbenga James and Sadık Akyar

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090565 - 19 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1368

Abstract

This article analyzes the significance of regional autonomy in Nigeria and its impact on both national integration processes and governance issues, based on the empirical argument for the autonomy of ethnically diverse regions. This study entails a content and thematic analysis derived from [...] Read more.

This article analyzes the significance of regional autonomy in Nigeria and its impact on both national integration processes and governance issues, based on the empirical argument for the autonomy of ethnically diverse regions. This study entails a content and thematic analysis derived from in-person interviews. To address the modification of Nigeria’s government and political structures, several research objectives target the specific problems of national assimilation and recommend regional autonomy. On the other hand, an argument is made that the patterns of governance and political representation in Nigeria have been pervaded by regionalism and integration issues particular to the nation. This research describes these issues through personal perspectives based on interactions with the state and political representation. We conclude that regional autonomy influences national integration and governance in Nigeria. It is vital for policymakers to immediately implement a clear-cut framework for the national integration of regional autonomy and to strengthen the Nigerian governance system on issues of resource allocation inequalities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Contemporary Politics and Society)

15 pages, 551 KB

Open AccessArticle

Advocacy in the Face of Adversity: Influence in the Relationship Between Racial Microaggressions and Social Justice Advocacy

by Michael S. Ternes, Johanna E. Nilsson, Anum Khalid and Melànie B. Siems

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 564; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090564 - 19 Sep 2025

Viewed by 580

Abstract

Background: Urban institutions offer quality post-secondary education to individuals who may not otherwise have access, yet do not always provide necessary resources for racially marginalized students. Students at primarily White, urban institutions face race-based stressors, such as microaggressions. According to stress and coping [...] Read more.

Background: Urban institutions offer quality post-secondary education to individuals who may not otherwise have access, yet do not always provide necessary resources for racially marginalized students. Students at primarily White, urban institutions face race-based stressors, such as microaggressions. According to stress and coping theory, individuals respond to stressors through coping strategies, which differ in effectiveness and subsequent outcomes. Social justice advocacy (SJA) represents a potentially important avenue for coping with discrimination, yet the relationship between microaggressions and SJA, as well as the association of task-focused coping with SJA, is unclear. Methods: A total of 96 students with racially marginalized identities were surveyed. Results: Analyses revealed significant associations between experiencing racial microaggressions, coping, and engagement in SJA, as well as a partial mediations of the associations between racial microaggressions and engagement in SJA through task-focused coping. Conclusions: The study offers support for the established association between discrimination and coping, including SJA. Results indicate that consideration should be given to SJA and task-focused coping as encouraged responses to racial microaggressions. Future studies should evaluate the outcome of these coping efforts and consider alternative ways of coping. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Crime and Justice)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 925 KB

Open AccessArticle

If You Don’t See Inequality, You Cannot Teach Equality: What Is Missing in STEM Teachers’ Perceptions for an Equality Pedagogy in STEM Teaching?

by Rosa Monteiro, Lina Coelho, Fernanda Daniel, Inês Simões and Alexandre Gomes da Silva

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090563 - 19 Sep 2025

Viewed by 584

Abstract

This article explores how gender biases in STEM education persist despite formal commitments to equality. Based on data from the Erasmus+ project STEMGenderIN, we analyze responses from lower-secondary school teachers (ISCED 2; ages 11–15), of STEM subjects, in Portugal, Italy, Belgium, and Romania [...] Read more.

This article explores how gender biases in STEM education persist despite formal commitments to equality. Based on data from the Erasmus+ project STEMGenderIN, we analyze responses from lower-secondary school teachers (ISCED 2; ages 11–15), of STEM subjects, in Portugal, Italy, Belgium, and Romania using the TPGESE scale, which assesses three dimensions: perceived gender equality in education (PGEE), the awareness of the effects of gender segregation (AEGSE), and the naturalization of gender stereotypes (GSNGI). Findings show a consistent gap between teachers declared support for gender equality and their limited awareness of structural and cultural barriers faced by girls in STEM. While most teachers affirm equality in principle, many attribute girls’ underrepresentation to personal choice or aptitude, overlooking the influence of stereotypes, social expectations, and systemic inequalities. The results point to a paradox: formal recognition of gender equality coexists with low engagement in reflexive practice or institutional change. Differences between countries suggest varying degrees of critical awareness, with some contexts showing greater openness to questioning dominant narratives. This study highlights the urgent need for teacher training that goes beyond rhetoric, promoting deep pedagogical transformation and equipping educators to create more inclusive STEM learning environments. We argue that addressing the perception–practice gap is essential to closing the gender gap in STEM. To situate these findings, we also note how national cultural–political debates—such as Portugal’s public controversy around so-called “gender ideology” in Citizenship and Development—may shape teachers’ perceptions and self-reports, reinforcing the need for context-aware training. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender-Inclusive Education and Teaching in STEM: Strategies, Challenges, and Contradictions)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1534 KB

Open AccessArticle

Changing Attitudes Towards Retirement and Ageing Through Flipped Classroom and Collaborative Learning: A Social Psychological Study with Psychology and Social Work Students

by María Natividad Elvira-Zorzo and Maria Teresa Vega Rodríguez

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090562 - 19 Sep 2025

Viewed by 966

Abstract

The phenomenon of population ageing indicates an overall improvement in health and quality of life. However, it also presents significant social challenges, particularly with regard to age discrimination and the negative stereotypes and attitudes towards older people known as ageism. Various studies have [...] Read more.

The phenomenon of population ageing indicates an overall improvement in health and quality of life. However, it also presents significant social challenges, particularly with regard to age discrimination and the negative stereotypes and attitudes towards older people known as ageism. Various studies have shown that these prejudices have a negative impact on the social integration and well-being of this group. This quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test study, which involved a non-equivalent comparison group, was carried out at the University of Salamanca with psychology and social work students. This study aimed to reduce negative stereotypes about old age and unfavourable attitudes towards retirement by implementing a three-phase educational programme. The programme incorporated flipped classroom methodology and intergenerational collaborative projects. Participants were divided into two groups: an intervention group responsible for designing intergenerational projects and a comparison group which did not participate in the intervention. The Negative Stereotypes towards Old Age Questionnaire (CENVE) and the Attitudes towards Retirement Scale (ARS) were administered before and after the programme. The results showed a significant decrease in negative stereotypes in the intervention group, with no changes observed in the comparison group. The impact varied according to academic discipline. Integrating active and intergenerational methodologies into educational contexts is proposed as a means of mitigating ageism, promoting inclusion, and fostering social justice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Family Studies)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 315 KB

Open AccessArticle

Xenophobic Attacks Against Asylum Seekers, Refugees, and Migrant Entrepreneurs in Atteridgeville, South Africa: A Social Identity Perspective

by Poppy Masinga, Sipho Sibanda and Lekopo Alinah Lelope

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090561 - 19 Sep 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2749

Abstract

Refugees are forced to flee their countries of origin due to factors beyond their control, and expect to find safety, peace, freedom, and have their basic needs met. Most engage in entrepreneurial activities to make a living. However, some refugees experience xenophobic attacks [...] Read more.

Refugees are forced to flee their countries of origin due to factors beyond their control, and expect to find safety, peace, freedom, and have their basic needs met. Most engage in entrepreneurial activities to make a living. However, some refugees experience xenophobic attacks in host nations. Guided by the Social Identity Theory (SIT) to explore the phenomenon of xenophobic attacks against refugees in Atteridgeville, South Africa, this paper describes the factors contributing to xenophobic attacks against them. Participants were selected using the snowball sampling technique. Data were collected from 10 refugee entrepreneurs using one-on-one interviews guided by a semi-structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using thematic data analysis. The findings revealed the political and socio-economic factors behind the refugees’ exodus from their country of origin. In trying to better their lives, refugees encounter several bureaucratic challenges when formalising their asylum and refugee status in South Africa. The study established that xenophobic attacks on refugee entrepreneurs were influenced by numerous factors, including jealousy, hatred of foreigners, unemployment, and lack of job opportunities for young black South Africans. In addition, poverty and crime were identified as factors responsible for exacerbating xenophobic attacks. Based on the findings of this study, the social work profession has a pellucid and pivotal role to play in addressing the individual, group, community, systemic, institutional, and structural level factors responsible for xenophobic attacks on refugee entrepreneurs in Atteridgeville. The study recommends that further studies focus on designing multi-disciplinary and multi-sectoral measures for addressing xenophobic attacks against refugee entrepreneurs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Migration Challenges for Forced Migrants)

16 pages, 642 KB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Economic and Risk Perceptions Sparking Off-Shore Irregular Migration: West African Youth on the Move

by Lawrence Vorvornator

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 560; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090560 - 19 Sep 2025

Viewed by 885

Abstract

This study explores economic and risk perceptions that spark off-shore irregular migration among West Africans through the Mediterranean Sea to countries of destination (CODs). This study is timely because deaths on the Mediterranean Sea, which are unprecedented in migration history, result in a [...] Read more.

This study explores economic and risk perceptions that spark off-shore irregular migration among West Africans through the Mediterranean Sea to countries of destination (CODs). This study is timely because deaths on the Mediterranean Sea, which are unprecedented in migration history, result in a need to create awareness and save lives. Grounded in the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Cultural Theory of Risk Perception, this study explores the economic and risk perceptions of off-shore irregular migration. This study comprised a literature review, otherwise known as a “meta study”. The study’s findings reveal that there is a nexus between a person’s attitude and behaviours in terms of human action. Human nurturing determines a person’s attitudes and behaviours. The human mind does what it wants when one is desperate for economic survival. This forces humankind to engage in dangerous activities to survive. Therefore, irregular migrants’ choice of unsafe routes through the Mediterranean Sea to CODs depends on their expected outcomes. Irregular migrants consider migration as an “insurance”, and flee from hardship towards opportunities. The perceptions that lead to this range from salary disparities to economic freedom. I argue that spiritual beliefs, peer pressure, media platforms, and personal factors influence irregular route choices. This study recommends collaboration among the ECOWAS, African nations’ governments, and the IOM to engage returning migrants to narrate their in-depth experiences about the routes’ dangers to create awareness. Returning migrants’ narratives should be disseminated in mass media and on social media platforms to target youth. This would discourage West African youth from choosing unsafe routes to CODs. Collaboration should be extended to youth training in entrepreneurship to equip youth as job creators rather than job seekers to curb unemployment, which usually sparks off-shore irregular migration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section International Migration)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 876 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Cyberbullying Victimization on Adolescents’ School-Related Distress Across Nine Countries: Examining the Mitigating Role of Teacher Support

by Shaghayegh Sheri McVay, Jonathan Santo and Hannah Lydiatt

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090559 - 18 Sep 2025

Viewed by 2368

Abstract

The pervasive integration of technology into the daily lives of children and adolescents, coupled with the popularity and extensive use of social media by this age group, has raised significant concerns, highlighting cyberbullying victimization as a serious global public health issue that requires [...] Read more.

The pervasive integration of technology into the daily lives of children and adolescents, coupled with the popularity and extensive use of social media by this age group, has raised significant concerns, highlighting cyberbullying victimization as a serious global public health issue that requires further investigation. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of cyberbullying victimization above and beyond traditional forms of peer victimization on adolescents’ school-related distress using a sample of 28,883 adolescents across nine countries. This study also assessed the moderating role of teacher support on the association between cyberbullying victimization and school-related distress. The results of structural equation modeling suggested that adolescents who experienced higher levels of victimization (both traditional and cyber) scored significantly higher on school-related distress. In addition, the main effect of cyberbullying victimization above and beyond traditional forms of peer victimization on school-related distress was significant. More importantly, cyberbullied victims who perceived their teachers as supportive reported lower school-related distress compared to their peers with low teacher support. As technology continues to become more accessible in both homes and educational settings, the findings of this study underscore the need to address cyberbullying as a distinct phenomenon posing unique challenges for adolescents and requiring targeted intervention strategies. In addition, the findings contribute to understanding a more comprehensive portrait of adolescent development and how social support influences adolescents’ well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Childhood and Youth Studies)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1131 KB

Open AccessArticle

Social Media Detoxification Through Screen Time Limits Among Pharmacy Students: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

by Chanapa Yangmang, Panida Horsiriluck, Surarong Chinwong and Dujrudee Chinwong

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 558; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090558 - 18 Sep 2025

Viewed by 3837

Abstract

This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a social media detoxification intervention in reducing social media addiction and usage time among undergraduate pharmacy students at Chiang Mai University. A total of 23 students were randomly assigned to either an experimental group [...] Read more.

This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a social media detoxification intervention in reducing social media addiction and usage time among undergraduate pharmacy students at Chiang Mai University. A total of 23 students were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 12) or a control group (n = 11). The intervention involved reducing screen time on mobile devices by 50% over four weeks using built-in screen time restriction settings, while the control group continued regular usage. The primary outcome was the Social Media Addiction Test (SMAT) score (16-item scale; higher scores indicate greater addiction), assessed at baseline and at week 4. The secondary outcome was weekly social media usage time (minutes per week, obtained from device screen-time reports), recorded over 4 weeks. Linear regression and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were used for the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively, with both models adjusting for baseline values. Results: At baseline, both groups were comparable in terms of key characteristics, SMAT score, and weekly usage. After 4 weeks, the experimental group had a significantly greater reduction in SMAT scores compared to the control group (adjusted difference = −7.92, 95% CI: −13.35 to −2.49, p = 0.006). For the secondary outcome, GEE analysis showed that the experimental group used social media for 1223.9 min/week (about 20 h/week) less than the control group (95% CI: −1720.6 to −727.1, p < 0.001). In short, social media detoxification through screen time restrictions appears to reduce social media addiction and usage time among pharmacy students. This intervention offers a promising and realistic way to help reduce social media addiction. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 282 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Liberty to Liability: EU Responses to the Abuse of Freedom of Expression Online

by Bystrík Šramel and Stanislav Michal

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090557 - 18 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1593

Abstract

Freedom of expression, in the context of recent events in our history—such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the situation in Ukraine—has once again sparked a significant and widely followed public debate about its limits. The escalation of these situations has revealed many of [...] Read more.

Freedom of expression, in the context of recent events in our history—such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the situation in Ukraine—has once again sparked a significant and widely followed public debate about its limits. The escalation of these situations has revealed many of the negative aspects of freedom of expression and its direct and devastating impact on people’s everyday lives. In particular, hate speech and the spread of disinformation have gained strength, with effects not only in terms of legal liability or financial consequences relating to damages and harm, but also in ways that directly impact public health. Calls to avoid wearing facemasks and questioning of vaccines and protective measures have not only fuelled vulgar online debates and even physical attacks, but have also led to direct consequences for individual and public health. Therefore, it is essential that freedom of expression has limits—limits that do not amount to censorship. Only public authority—the state—has the legitimate power to set such boundaries. As EU member states are undergoing processes of legal unification and harmonization of their legal systems, it is important to also consider the stance of EU institutions on the future legislative framework of freedom of expression. This is particularly important given that individual member states do not share the same values or approaches to this issue. The aim of this paper is to assess the contribution of the European Union to the development of freedom of expression through selected legislative and non-legislative activities. The paper will also include a proposal for a forward-looking solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section International Politics and Relations)

16 pages, 279 KB

Open AccessArticle

Demographic Trends and Regional Disparities in the EU

by Ana Milijić, Aleksandar Manasijević, Dejan Đorđević, Vladislav Marjanović and Marina Stanojević

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 556; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090556 - 17 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1665

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of demographic changes on regional disparities within the European Union. The analysis focuses on key demographic trends—population ageing, low fertility rates, and migration flows—and their long-term implications for labor markets, economic growth, and the sustainability of social systems [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the impact of demographic changes on regional disparities within the European Union. The analysis focuses on key demographic trends—population ageing, low fertility rates, and migration flows—and their long-term implications for labor markets, economic growth, and the sustainability of social systems across EU regions. Using Eurostat data for 169 NUTS2 regions for 2022 and 2023, the study applies descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression models to quantify the effects of life expectancy, fertility rates, and educational attainment on GDP growth and employment in knowledge-intensive and high-tech sectors. Findings indicate that regions with higher shares of highly educated labor and favorable demographic profiles tend to achieve greater economic resilience and competitiveness. In contrast, demographic decline and outmigration continue to deepen structural disparities, particularly in rural and less developed regions. The results underscore the importance of integrated EU policies aimed at addressing demographic challenges while promoting regional cohesion through investment in human capital, innovation, and infrastructure. By highlighting the critical role of demographic factors in shaping regional development, this study contributes to the discourse on designing effective policies to foster sustainable and inclusive growth within the European Union. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Family Studies)

19 pages, 282 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of George Floyd and the Black Lives Matter Protests on Emerging Adults’ Views on Racism and Racial Identity: A Mixed Methods Analysis

by Adrienne Edwards-Bianchi, I-Tung Joyce Chang and David Knox

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 555; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090555 - 17 Sep 2025

Viewed by 3201

Abstract

This study explored how the death of Mr. George Floyd and the Black Lives Matter protests that followed it influenced emerging adults’ views on racism and racial identity. A mixed-methods study consisting of open-ended and Likert items was used. Two major themes, developing [...] Read more.

This study explored how the death of Mr. George Floyd and the Black Lives Matter protests that followed it influenced emerging adults’ views on racism and racial identity. A mixed-methods study consisting of open-ended and Likert items was used. Two major themes, developing racial awareness and negotiating positionality, described the processes of how Mr. Floyd’s death influenced emerging adults. Quantitative analyses revealed that most participants indicated that the death made them more aware of racism (79.9%), helped them realize how serious racism is (74.1%), and increased their wanting to learn more about race relations (71.3%). Only 8% of participants attributed Mr. Floyd’s death to an unfortunate accident caused by a police officer just doing his job, with White men more likely to hold that view. Black participants reported feeling more racial pride after the death. Quantitative data revealed students’ perceptions, while qualitative data revealed the processes of how those perceptions were formed. We interpreted results using an integrated critical race theory and symbolic interactionism framework. Full article

21 pages, 456 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Roots of Rural Youth: A Five-Year Systematic Review of Place Attachment

by Alba Carrasco Cruz, Fátima Cruz-Souza and Gustavo González-Calvo

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090554 - 17 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1639

Abstract

This systematic review examines how recent scientific literature addresses place attachment among rural youth, emphasizing the central role of emotional bonds with place in decisions to stay, leave, or return to rural areas. Based on an analysis of studies published between 2019 and [...] Read more.

This systematic review examines how recent scientific literature addresses place attachment among rural youth, emphasizing the central role of emotional bonds with place in decisions to stay, leave, or return to rural areas. Based on an analysis of studies published between 2019 and 2023, it considers factors such as country of publication, study participants, methodology, research approach, theoretical framework, and main findings. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science, applying inclusion criteria based on type of research, year of publication, language, and article relevance. The review includes 19 peer-reviewed articles. Methodologically, the reviewed articles employ both quantitative and qualitative approaches, with questionnaires and semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection techniques. Key themes include urban migration and the relationship between place attachment and environmental awareness. Despite limitations such as regional disparities in study coverage, the findings highlight the challenges faced by rural youth under urbanormative cultural pressures. The review underscores the need for nuanced approaches that are sensitive to gender and other axes of oppression in addressing rural issues, and it advocates for a holistic understanding of rural youth experiences that takes into account intergenerational dynamics shaping their aspirations and decision-making. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Childhood and Youth Studies)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 3816 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evolving Capabilities and Multiple Dimensions of Poverty Identified by Children and Young People: Towards Transformative Innovation in Social Work

by Sylvia Garcia Delahaye and Caroline Dubath

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090553 - 16 Sep 2025

Viewed by 918

Abstract

This article aims to critically engage with the capability approach by exploring its potential contributions to social work practice, specifically social work focusing on reducing child poverty. In high-income countries, an estimated 69 million children are either living in poverty or at risk [...] Read more.

This article aims to critically engage with the capability approach by exploring its potential contributions to social work practice, specifically social work focusing on reducing child poverty. In high-income countries, an estimated 69 million children are either living in poverty or at risk of poverty. Despite its comprehensive social welfare system, Switzerland is no exception. This contribution is based on empirical research conducted between 2021 and 2025 in Switzerland with children and young people (CYP). The results of this participatory and artistic research not only demonstrate the value of considering the experiential knowledge of CYP affected by poverty in the context of social intervention, but also the importance of the participation of this social work audience in fostering professional and institutional practices along with promoting fairer, more inclusive and transformative public policies. This research precisely identifies how social work practice could support CYP’s evolving capabilities by applying the capability approach within social services. Specifically, it focuses on capabilities for voice and to aspire, as well as their progression vis-à-vis the transformation of social practice, which could be observed through the participation implemented as a foundational principle of action in social work practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Child Poverty and Social Work)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 325 KB

Open AccessArticle

Gender Equality and Sustainable Societies: The Role of Identity Salience, Ideological Beliefs, and Support for Feminism

by Ana Belén Fernández-Torres, Margarita Martí-Ripoll and Josep Gallifa

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090552 - 16 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1114

Abstract

The pursuit of gender equality and inclusive societies—key goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda—depends in part on public alignment with feminist movements. This study examines associations between ideological beliefs, gender identity salience, and identification across multiple social categories and support for feminism [...] Read more.

The pursuit of gender equality and inclusive societies—key goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda—depends in part on public alignment with feminist movements. This study examines associations between ideological beliefs, gender identity salience, and identification across multiple social categories and support for feminism in Spain. Drawing on a nationally representative sample (N = 3928) from the 2024 CIS survey, we assess whether individuals who view gender as their most salient identity report higher support for feminism, and whether progressive ideological orientations—such as left–right political positioning, environmental values, and lower moral conservatism—as well as broader single-axis identifications across social domains, are linked to feminist alignment. Results from descriptive and regression analyses indicate that support for feminism is strongly associated with ideological and environmental values, while gender identity salience shows no independent association once these beliefs are taken into account. Analyses conducted separately for women and men suggest different patterns: among women, feminist support aligns with progressive values and broader identifications; among men, greater gender salience coexists with some marginalized identifications but is not positively linked to feminist alignment. These findings highlight that value-oriented and multi-identity approaches are more effective in fostering feminist engagement than appeals based solely on gender salience. The study outlines implications for inclusive policy, civic education, and cross-sector strategies to advance SDG 5 (Gender Equality) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender Knowledges and Cultures of Equalities in Global Contexts)

18 pages, 284 KB

Open AccessArticle

Online Safety Challenges: Saudi Children and Parents’ Perspectives on Risks and Harms

by Adil Al Ghamdi

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090551 - 15 Sep 2025

Viewed by 2960

Abstract

Research in western countries concludes that children and adolescents are exposed to multiple forms of online risks and harms. However, in the context of Saudi Arabia, research in online safety education is lagging. Currently, online safety education is generic and not research informed. [...] Read more.

Research in western countries concludes that children and adolescents are exposed to multiple forms of online risks and harms. However, in the context of Saudi Arabia, research in online safety education is lagging. Currently, online safety education is generic and not research informed. Hence, this exploratory study seeks to generate a qualitative understanding of online risks and harms experienced by Saudi children, adolescents, and parents as well as online safety strategies. Using a semi-structured interview, this study explores the views of 15 children (12–15 years) and 10 parents. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) yielded four key themes: Negotiating the Promise and Peril of the internet, Living with the Shadows of the Online World, Psychological, and Physical Health Consequences, and Navigating Safety in a Digital Landscape of Uncertainty. While the benefits are clear (e.g., education and socialisation), children and parents have shared worries about cyberbullying, aggression, and exploitation. Internet addiction and isolation are notable consequences along with vision impairment and obesity. Children’s online safety practices are reactive, e.g., blocking and deleting risky content/behaviour, while parents share their struggles in monitoring children online. Online safety education, or the lack of it, is to blame. Children’s and parents’ limited awareness of online risks and poor online safety practices need to improve in Saudi Schools and households; there is an urgent need for further research and adequate implementation of systematic online safety education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Online Safety among Children and Adolescents: Aiming towards More Tailored Delivery and Support)

20 pages, 342 KB

Open AccessArticle

Secure Care in Australia—An Overview of Secure Care in Australian States and Territories and Commentary on the Legal Safety of Children Admitted to Secure Care in Australia

by Kate Crowe

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090550 - 15 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1131

Abstract

There is very limited information available on secure care in Australia. There is no national oversight, standards, or data collection mechanisms. This article aims to outline which Australian states and territories deliver secure care, provide an overview of these interventions, identify trends and [...] Read more.

There is very limited information available on secure care in Australia. There is no national oversight, standards, or data collection mechanisms. This article aims to outline which Australian states and territories deliver secure care, provide an overview of these interventions, identify trends and outlying practice, and highlight the human rights implications. A comparative systemic methodology was utilised, gathering qualitative data on secure care across Australian states and territories to compare and analyse. The findings are presented descriptively, and a qualitative content analysis was completed. This article identifies that there is secure care in all states and territories in Australia except Tasmania, South Australia, and Queensland. The content analysis identified that the Northern Territory and New South Wales do not have secure care legislation, and that the Australia Capital Territory and New South Wales are the only jurisdictions that require a specific secure care judicial order to authorise admissions. Victoria, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia utilise ‘administrative detention’ to authorise a secure care admission—this is when the admission to secure care of children with the involvement of child protection is authorised by the government, not through a court order via the judicial system. A consequence of the use of administrative detention is that children ‘in care’ in Australia are being deprived of their liberty without legal representation or access to the right to appeal in a court of law. There is minimal publicly available admission data on secure care in Australia. This article argues that secure care’s welfare-based position, conceptualisation, and discourse simultaneously obscures visibility, legitimises depriving children of their liberty and the use of restrictive measures, and undermines a rights-based approach to children experiencing extreme vulnerability. The use of administrative detention undermines system accountability, and the legal safety of children admitted to secure care in Australia. This is placing the rights of children in secure care in Australia as secondary to the management of organisational risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Perspectives on Secure Childcare)

14 pages, 279 KB

Open AccessArticle

Breaking the Silence: A Narrative of the Survival of Afghan’s Music

by Ângela Teles and Paula Guerra

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090549 - 15 Sep 2025

Viewed by 828

Abstract

Humanity currently faces a state of crisis, as it navigates the challenges of a quickly evolving world. The increasing number of conflicts and wars has had serious repercussions on human life, contributing to the displacement of populations and a growing influx of refugees. [...] Read more.

Humanity currently faces a state of crisis, as it navigates the challenges of a quickly evolving world. The increasing number of conflicts and wars has had serious repercussions on human life, contributing to the displacement of populations and a growing influx of refugees. The high number of children and young people among this group requires urgent action to meet their needs for education, health, and a secure upbringing. Music education provides one platform for unique expression and identity for these age groups. In 2022, nearly a hundred young musicians from Afghanistan were welcomed into the cities of Braga and Guimarães in Portugal. They work to defend their culture through orchestral activity which has achieved international reach, thanks to the work of the Afghanistan National Institute of Music (ANIM). This article examines how music connects Afghan refugee youth with host communities. It focuses on the role of musical practice in fostering integration within schools and the broader urban context. Using a qualitative approach, based on ethnographic observation of this orchestra’s rehearsals, this article explores the concept of affordances. Ethnographic observation was conducted throughout school activities, music workshops, and informal interactions during break periods. Field notes focused on participants’ non-verbal expressions, musical engagement, and interactions with both peers and educators. These observations were used to contextualise the interviews and triangulate the data. This theoretical–analytical approach shows that, for these youngsters, music plays a mediating role regarding social actions and experiences, shaping new subjectivities and their externalisations. It is a technology of the self, of (re)adaptation, resistance, and identity re-emergence. The main argument is that ANIM’s music in action is a communication tool that, like migratory processes, reconfigures the identities of its protagonists. Music has been demonstrated to function as a catalyst for connection, predominantly within the context of ensemble and orchestra rehearsals, serving as a shared language. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Inclusion of Children, Youth and Families from Refugee and Migrant Backgrounds)

18 pages, 285 KB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Disability Protection in Nepal Through Social Allowance: Policies, Practices, and Paucity

by Sanjeev Dahal, Sipho Sibanda and Daniel Doh

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090548 - 12 Sep 2025

Viewed by 972

Abstract

This paper endeavors to paint a comprehensive picture of the social security provision of allowances for persons with disabilities in Nepal. It uses a rapid review to understand the policies and practices related to the social security allowances. The key findings are that [...] Read more.

This paper endeavors to paint a comprehensive picture of the social security provision of allowances for persons with disabilities in Nepal. It uses a rapid review to understand the policies and practices related to the social security allowances. The key findings are that the Government of Nepal has several policies focused on upholding the rights of the persons with disabilities; it has prioritized disability allowance as one of the five government-run social security allowances, but the benefits of these policies are yet to reach all persons with disabilities. It was found that a significant proportion of persons with disabilities are yet to receive disability identity cards that link them with social security benefits, and a significant gap was also noted between those who had the identity cards and those who received the disability allowances. Furthermore, the paper underscores suggestions from the extant literature on minimizing this gap. Full article

16 pages, 299 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Caregiving Penalty: Gender and Caregiving Effects on Career Opportunities Perceived by Italian Employees

by Irene Lantano, Giuseppina Dell’Aversana, Gertraud Bacher and Massimo Miglioretti

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090547 - 12 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1202

Abstract

Despite significant improvements in gender equality in recent years, persistent gender disparities remain prevalent in the workplace. In particular, women with caring responsibilities could encounter more barriers in obtaining career opportunities. This study examines the interplay between gender, caregiving responsibilities, and the perception [...] Read more.

Despite significant improvements in gender equality in recent years, persistent gender disparities remain prevalent in the workplace. In particular, women with caring responsibilities could encounter more barriers in obtaining career opportunities. This study examines the interplay between gender, caregiving responsibilities, and the perception of workplace disparities. We hypothesized that perceived gender-based inequalities would vary depending on the type of caregiving responsibilities, specifically childcare and eldercare. An online survey of 213 employees was conducted to explore this relationship. These preliminary findings suggest that gender biases regarding prospects for career development, leadership responsibility, and opportunities offered by workplaces could persist, and these biases are exacerbated when employees hold caregiving responsibilities, particularly those associated with the care of elderly people. This research establishes a foundational investigation into how gender and caregiving responsibility still influence employees’ conception of workplace disparities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intersections Between Work–Life Balance and Gender Policies: Equality and Sustainability for Caring and Family Transition)

19 pages, 840 KB

Open AccessArticle

“That She Is Unique Is Clear”: Family Members Making Sense of the Uniqueness of Persons with Dementia and Persons with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities

by Sanne Nieuwenhuis, Sien Vandesande, Sara Nijs and Bea Maes

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 546; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090546 - 10 Sep 2025

Viewed by 879

Abstract

Family plays an important role in person-centered care (PCC) within long-term care facilities, especially for individuals with high-support needs such as dementia or profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. The goal of PCC is to live a meaningful life by, for instance, acknowledging personhood. [...] Read more.

Family plays an important role in person-centered care (PCC) within long-term care facilities, especially for individuals with high-support needs such as dementia or profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. The goal of PCC is to live a meaningful life by, for instance, acknowledging personhood. Uniqueness is an important attribute of this personhood. Family members contribute significantly to PCC by sharing their knowledge of their relatives’ uniqueness. This study explores how family members interpret and give meaning to the uniqueness of their relatives with high-support needs through interpretative phenomenological analysis. Six participants participated in a semi-structured interview. The first research question was about what the uniqueness of their relatives is and resulted in different themes: who she used to be, who she is now, who she will become, change, and (importance of) family ties. The second research question was about the discovery of this uniqueness and resulted in the following themes: daily search, and discoveries from childhood. How this uniqueness comes to the fore, the third research question, brought forward themes such as care provided by family members, shaping care in the care organization, and importance of place. This study demonstrates that family members can describe the uniqueness of individuals with high-support needs and help shape PCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Family Studies)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1174 KB

Open AccessArticle

Gender Knowledges, Cultures of Equality, and Structural Inequality: Interpreting Female Employment Patterns in Manufacturing Through Interpretable Machine Learning

by Bediha Sahin

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 545; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090545 - 10 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1155

Abstract

Persistent gender inequality in industrial employment continues to challenge inclusive labor systems worldwide. While education and labor market reforms have expanded opportunities for women, structural barriers remain deeply embedded in manufacturing sectors. This study adopts a systems-based perspective to investigate the institutional, demographic, [...] Read more.

Persistent gender inequality in industrial employment continues to challenge inclusive labor systems worldwide. While education and labor market reforms have expanded opportunities for women, structural barriers remain deeply embedded in manufacturing sectors. This study adopts a systems-based perspective to investigate the institutional, demographic, and health-related factors shaping female employment in manufacturing across ten countries from 2013 to 2022. By integrating feminist political economy with interpretable machine learning techniques—including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Extra Trees regressors—the study models non-linear and interactive relationships among thirteen structural indicators drawn from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. The findings reveal that general female labor force participation is the strongest and most consistent predictor of women’s inclusion in manufacturing. Health-related variables, such as maternal mortality and fertility rates, exhibit strong negative effects, underscoring the continued influence of caregiving burdens and inadequate health systems. Education indicators show more variable impacts, suggesting that institutional context mediates their effectiveness. The use of SHAP and Partial Dependence Plots enhances the transparency of the models and supports a more nuanced understanding of how structural forces shape gendered labor outcomes. In addition to modeling structural inequalities, this study highlights how gender knowledges and cultures of equality are contextually produced and negotiated within the manufacturing sector. The findings underscore the importance of understanding both global systems and local cultural frameworks in shaping gendered employment outcomes. By linking interpretable machine learning with systems thinking, this research provides a holistic and data-driven account of industrial gender inequality. The results offer policy-relevant insights for designing more inclusive labor strategies that address not only economic incentives but also the social and institutional systems in which employment patterns are embedded. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender Knowledges and Cultures of Equalities in Global Contexts)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 461 KB

Open AccessArticle

Dating Violence on Post Secondary Campuses: Men’s Experiences

by D. Gaye Warthe, Catherine Carter-Snell and Peter Choate

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090544 - 9 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1143

Abstract

The experience of university students who identify as men and who are victims of dating violence is poorly understood. Services and supports available on campuses and in the community have not typically considered the needs of men. Aim: The purpose of this study [...] Read more.

The experience of university students who identify as men and who are victims of dating violence is poorly understood. Services and supports available on campuses and in the community have not typically considered the needs of men. Aim: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the experiences of university men who experienced dating violence, factors influencing awareness, the impact on their lives and decisions to seek support and to disclose. Methods: A grounded theory study, using constructivist methodology was used. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants who identified as male. Thematic analysis was used. Strategies to improve credibility, dependability and auditability were implemented throughout. Findings: A theoretical framework was developed with gender as the central concept, affecting each of the core elements of interest. Most of the men were not initially aware that their experiences were considered dating violence until after leaving the relationship. This awareness was impacted not only by gender stereotypes but by their vulnerability, the context of the campus and the nature of their abuse. The impact of the violence was seen in their isolation, health, guilt and shame, their academic success and in other relationships. Men described issues with various forms of support. Family and faculty were of variable assistance in supporting their recovery. Implications: The findings underscore the need for prevention and intervention strategies tailored to the needs of students identifying as men. There are also potential implications for increased awareness and education for other populations in a post secondary context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Work in Understanding and Reducing Domestic Violence)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 638 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

“Anything Would Be Easier than What We’re Doing Right Now”: Early Head Start Home Visitors’ Experiences Working Through an Environmental Crisis

by Thistle I. Elias, Ashley E. Shafer, Ashwini Chaudhari and Tammy Thomas

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090543 - 9 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1014

Abstract

Home Visitors and early childhood educators play a critical role in supporting the development of young children from low-income families in the United States. During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions on service delivery dramatically impacted the professional experience of Home Visitors, presenting significant new [...] Read more.

Home Visitors and early childhood educators play a critical role in supporting the development of young children from low-income families in the United States. During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions on service delivery dramatically impacted the professional experience of Home Visitors, presenting significant new challenges for this dedicated, often under-compensated workforce. An external evaluation team explored the experiences of Early Head Start Home Visitors serving six regions of a county in the mid-Atlantic region. Researchers engaged Early Head Start program partners in identifying issues and methods of investigation to help inform organizational efforts to support their staff and the families they serve. Findings include that Home Visitors experienced significant stress and mental health challenges due to the frequently shifting environment, loss of peer interactions and loss of personal boundaries due primarily to their efforts to sufficiently support families in a time of crisis. These experiences contribute to burnout and increase the chances of early care and education workers leaving the field despite a deep commitment to the work. Considerations for how to retain high-quality early childhood education workers, in particular through potential significant environmental disruptions, include the need for strong peer support networks and transparent, responsive leadership. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Public Health and Social Change)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2810 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Polarization Paradox: Social Media, Young Voters, and the Challenges to the Open Society

by Gil Baptista Ferreira and Lourenço Silva Ferreira

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090542 - 9 Sep 2025

Viewed by 6162

Abstract

The ideal of the open society, grounded in rational deliberation and pluralism, faces growing challenges in the digital age. This study examines how affective polarization—characterized by emotional hostility and antagonism across political identities—and populist sentiments among young Portuguese voters (ages 18–21) reshape democratic [...] Read more.

The ideal of the open society, grounded in rational deliberation and pluralism, faces growing challenges in the digital age. This study examines how affective polarization—characterized by emotional hostility and antagonism across political identities—and populist sentiments among young Portuguese voters (ages 18–21) reshape democratic discourse, with a focus on the role of social media platforms. Based on a sample of 130 first-time voters in the April 2024 legislative elections, the results show that individuals with populist attitudes are 27% more likely to exhibit affective polarization. Moreover, support for radical right narratives is associated with a 27.6% increase in polarization. Notably, X (formerly Twitter) is associated with higher levels of affective polarization than Instagram, highlighting the differential effects of platform architectures. The study provides empirical evidence for the mediating role of digital platforms in fostering discursive fragmentation and ideological antagonism. It contributes to theories of digital democracy and political communication by clarifying how algorithmic environments intensify group-based hostility and undermine the normative foundations of the open society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Open Society 2.0: Democracy in the Age of Social Media and Populism)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 328 KB

Open AccessArticle

Peace Education in a Post-Conflict Society: The Case Study of Sierra Leone

by Yi Yu and Michael Wyness

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 541; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090541 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1327

Abstract

The end of the conflict in Sierra Leone between 1991 and 2002 provided an important context for exploring the role of peace education in restoring governance, rebuilding institutions, and promoting socio-economic development. Following the civil war, a variety of externally designed peace education [...] Read more.

The end of the conflict in Sierra Leone between 1991 and 2002 provided an important context for exploring the role of peace education in restoring governance, rebuilding institutions, and promoting socio-economic development. Following the civil war, a variety of externally designed peace education programmes were introduced across the country. These included formal programmes integrated into the school curriculum and non-formal initiatives led by stakeholders. This study evaluated these programmes by examining their goals, implementation approaches, and effectiveness in fostering sustainable peace alongside development. The evaluation employed a social constructionist framework, recognising that understandings of peace and education are shaped by historical, social, and cultural factors. Data were gathered through the analysis of documentary sources and semi-structured online interviews with 12 key informants involved in peace education. The findings reveal important insights regarding both the potential of peace education as a developmental tool and its limitations in achieving lasting peace. Key lessons emphasise the critical role of local ownership, cultural relevance, and ongoing support for post-conflict educational interventions. These insights offer valuable guidance for enhancing future peacebuilding and reconstruction efforts in Sierra Leone and other similar post-conflict settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section International Politics and Relations)

14 pages, 411 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Bystander Silence to Burnout: Serial Mediation Mechanisms in Workplace Bullying

by Jale Minibas-Poussard, Tutku Seckin and Haluk Baran Bingöl

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 540; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090540 - 8 Sep 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1098

Abstract

The World Health Organization defines burnout as a syndrome resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. Similarly, workplace bullying is widely recognized as a significant psychosocial stressor and a potentially traumatic experience, frequently associated with various adverse psychological outcomes. [...] Read more.

The World Health Organization defines burnout as a syndrome resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. Similarly, workplace bullying is widely recognized as a significant psychosocial stressor and a potentially traumatic experience, frequently associated with various adverse psychological outcomes. Based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model, we conceptualized bullying at work as a demand whose detrimental impacts may be intensified by the actions of bullying bystanders who remain silent. This study investigates the relationship between workplace bullying and burnout, with a specific focus on the mediating roles of bystander silence and perceived stress. Data collected from 239 professionals working in the financial sector indicate that the effect of workplace bullying on burnout is significantly mediated by both bystander silence and perceived stress. The proposed serial mediation model underscores the importance of social and individual-level mechanisms in the development of burnout. These findings suggest that effective interventions aimed at preventing workplace bullying must be grounded in a nuanced understanding of organizational context and social dynamics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organizational Strategies to Combat Workplace Bullying and Foster Inclusion)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 299 KB

Open AccessArticle

Public Discourse of the Chilean Ministry of Education on School Violence and Convivencia Escolar: A Subjective Theories Approach

by Pablo J. Castro-Carrasco, Verónica Gubbins, Vladimir Caamaño, Ingrid González-Palta, Fabiana Rodríguez-Pastene Vicencio, Martina Zelaya and Claudia Carrasco-Aguilar

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090539 - 6 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1657

Abstract

This study analyzed subjective theories on school violence and convivencia escolar expressed in the public discourse of the Chilean Ministry of Education in 2022. This research focused on the return to in-person learning, a time when concerns about violence in schools increased and [...] Read more.

This study analyzed subjective theories on school violence and convivencia escolar expressed in the public discourse of the Chilean Ministry of Education in 2022. This research focused on the return to in-person learning, a time when concerns about violence in schools increased and public policies aimed at addressing it were launched. Inductive content analysis and grounded theory techniques were used to examine 66 tweets issued by official ministry accounts during 2022. The analysis identified three interpretative sets. The first suggests that although violence has external structural causes, it must be eradicated from schools. The second links convivencia escolar with well-being and socioemotional skills, but without an explicit association with violence. The third locates the origin of psychological distress in external factors but assigns its management to the school system. A predominance of expert knowledge existed in the promoted solutions. These findings are discussed based on the idea that the Ministry of Education’s discourse on Twitter not only informs but also seeks to shape educational common sense and validate public policies. This raises questions about its impact on the interpretive autonomy of school communities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revisiting School Violence: Safety for Children in Schools)

15 pages, 1051 KB

Open AccessArticle

Outcomes of Simulation-Based Education on Prelicensure Nursing Students’ Preparedness in Identifying a Victim of Human Trafficking

by Debra McWilliams, Geraldine Cornell and Francine Bono-Neri

Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(9), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14090538 - 5 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1572

Abstract

Background: Individuals who are victimized and exploited by the heinous crimes of human trafficking (HT) access healthcare during their exploitation, yet gaps in education on HT content exist in prelicensure nursing programs. This study explored the impact of an HT simulation on [...] Read more.

Background: Individuals who are victimized and exploited by the heinous crimes of human trafficking (HT) access healthcare during their exploitation, yet gaps in education on HT content exist in prelicensure nursing programs. This study explored the impact of an HT simulation on nursing students’ preparedness in the identification of victims as well as their perceptions of the impact of this educational intervention on future practices. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a qualitative component was used. A convenience sample of 120 nursing students were recruited. The participants completed a pretest survey, viewed a preparatory education video, and participated in the simulation followed by a debriefing, a 20-min video, and posttest survey. Results: More than 3/4 of the participants reported no previous exposure to this content. A paired sample t-test showed efficacy (p < 0.001) with a Cohen’s d > 0.8, illustrating an increase in knowledge gained. The qualitative data yielded four themes: eye-opening, educational and informative, increased awareness, and preparedness. Conclusions: Nurses are well-positioned to identify, treat, and respond to victims of HT. The findings underscore the critical need to incorporate comprehensive HT content into prelicensure nursing curricula. Through integration of an HT simulation, future nurses can be better prepared to address this pervasive issue, ultimately improving victim outcomes and ensuring progress towards UN Sustainable Development Goal 5 of Gender Equality and Goal 16 of Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions. In addition, addressing this topic in prelicensure nursing education ensures that future nurses are not only clinically competent but also morally and emotionally prepared to handle the complexities of HT in their professional roles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Break the Chains: Global Efforts in Eradication and Prevention of Human Trafficking)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Soc. Sci., Volume 14, Issue 9 (September 2025) – 62 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI