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Volume 14
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Soc. Sci., Volume 14, Issue 5 (May 2025) – 27 articles

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17 pages, 405 KiB  
Article
The Struggle to Maintain Schools in Times of War
by Izabel Ramadan and Michal Razer
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050279 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
This article explores the distinct challenges facing Arab school principals in Israel, particularly in the context of existential fears stemming from a complex political landscape and rising violence in schools. These concerns are intensified by feelings of isolation from decision-making processes and the [...] Read more.
This article explores the distinct challenges facing Arab school principals in Israel, particularly in the context of existential fears stemming from a complex political landscape and rising violence in schools. These concerns are intensified by feelings of isolation from decision-making processes and the ineffectiveness of policies aimed at addressing the specific needs of Arab communities. Through an action research approach, this study analyzed the experiences of 15 elementary school principals over four years and introduced an intervention model called “empathetic inquiry”. This model, comprising four stages, creating a safe space for emotional expression, framing and reframing events, and formulating alternative actions, was implemented through group discussions and techniques like roleplaying. Findings revealed that the model facilitated open emotional sharing, enhanced principals’ sense of competence, and transformed their perception of authority from a rigid to a reflective role. Participation in the group fostered solidarity among staff and improved conflict management skills. Ultimately, this study highlights the “empathetic inquiry” model as a promising strategy for fostering empathetic leadership and reducing existential anxiety in Arab schools, although future research is necessary to evaluate its broader applicability and long-term effects, reflection, and self-awareness. This model contributed to their ability to cope with conflicts more effectively and to develop empathetic leadership. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rethinking the Education-to-Work Transition for Young People)
18 pages, 270 KiB  
Article
Sport-Based Interventions as Non-Formal Education: Enabling the Education to Employment Transition for Young People
by Haydn Morgan, Harry Bowles and Anthony Bush
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050278 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
Traditionally, qualifications and skills developed through formal learning have been the cornerstone of enhancing the employability of young people. However, the trajectory from education to work in contemporary society is far from linear; hence, the purpose of this paper is to evidence the [...] Read more.
Traditionally, qualifications and skills developed through formal learning have been the cornerstone of enhancing the employability of young people. However, the trajectory from education to work in contemporary society is far from linear; hence, the purpose of this paper is to evidence the potential benefits that non-formal educational practices, specifically involving sport-based interventions (SBIs), may offer to support the transition to employment. This paper presents data from 19 semi-structured interviews that were conducted with participants from organisations that either designed and/or delivered SBIs focused on enhancing employability or were from organisations that had experience of commissioning or funding sport-based employability projects. This paper outlines why SBIs may offer an effective alternative form of education to employment provision and also how SBIs enable young people to navigate non-linear education to employment transitions. Crucial to enhancing this transition is the provision of a supportive and inclusive non-formal educational environment where young people can acquire both propositional and procedural knowledge, whilst concurrently (re)connecting them with formal educational systems to expedite the transition to work. Importantly, this paper highlights that this concurrent blend of non-formal and formal education is particularly critical for young people without formal qualifications and who are furthest from an employment destination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rethinking the Education-to-Work Transition for Young People)
13 pages, 311 KiB  
Article
Supervisor Phubbing in Part-Time Jobs: Examining Its Relationship with Supervisor–Employee Rapport
by Michael Langlais and Emma Welch
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050276 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
Using the Leader–Member Exchange theory, the goal of this study is to test the relationship between supervisor phubbing and supervisor–employee rapport in the context of part-time jobs. Data for this quantitative investigation come from 211 participants who completed an online survey regarding frequency [...] Read more.
Using the Leader–Member Exchange theory, the goal of this study is to test the relationship between supervisor phubbing and supervisor–employee rapport in the context of part-time jobs. Data for this quantitative investigation come from 211 participants who completed an online survey regarding frequency of supervisor phubbing and their rapport with supervisors for their last three part-time jobs, if applicable. The results from regression analyses revealed that supervisor phubbing negatively predicted supervisor–employee rapport for participants’ first and second part-time jobs, even when controlling for length of time working, frequency of communicating with supervisor, and amount of technology use by supervisor and employee. These findings imply that even limited interactions, when disrupted by mobile phone use, can hinder part-time employees’ relationships with their supervisors and employee engagement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Work, Employment and the Labor Market)
20 pages, 772 KiB  
Article
Work-Based Learning in Migrant Education: The Case of Finnish Vocational Education
by Katarzyna Kärkkäinen, Maarit Hannele Virolainen, Anne Virtanen and Päivi Tynjälä
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050275 - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
This study examines adult migrant students’ and Finnish vocational teachers’ experiences of migrant students’ learning in workplaces as part of vocational education and training qualifications. Theoretically, this study draws on previous research on students’ work-based learning, including insights from the 3P model (presage–process–product [...] Read more.
This study examines adult migrant students’ and Finnish vocational teachers’ experiences of migrant students’ learning in workplaces as part of vocational education and training qualifications. Theoretically, this study draws on previous research on students’ work-based learning, including insights from the 3P model (presage–process–product factors), as well as the literature on learning and working in a new linguistic and cultural context. The data were collected through individual interviews (n = 11) and a group interview (n = 6) with migrant students and individual interviews with vocational teachers (n = 13). The analysis provides insights into learner-specific and workplace-specific presage factors of migrant students’ learning at workplaces. We propose that these insights should be recognised when searching for new pedagogical solutions aiming at enhancing understanding of migrants’ learning at workplaces. The findings highlight the need to develop the integration of school-based and work-based learning while recognising (1) the benefits of workplace learning for migrant students’ learning and their journeys toward becoming members of work communities, and (2) stereotypical views that may hinder migrants’ efforts to access the benefits of learning in the workplace. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improving Integration of Formal Education and Work-Based Learning)
19 pages, 519 KiB  
Review
Wrapping a Rainbow Around the Medicine Wheel: A Scoping Review of Social and Emotional Wellbeing for Queer, Trans, and Two Spirit Native Youth
by Autumn Asher BlackDeer
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050274 - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
Queer, trans, and Two Spirit Native youth are rarely represented in research, with extant evidence continuously pointing out health disparities and pathologizing individual characteristics rather than accounting for the structural aspects of colonial society. Global Indigenous scholars have put forth a holistic conception [...] Read more.
Queer, trans, and Two Spirit Native youth are rarely represented in research, with extant evidence continuously pointing out health disparities and pathologizing individual characteristics rather than accounting for the structural aspects of colonial society. Global Indigenous scholars have put forth a holistic conception of social and emotional wellbeing that integrates Indigenous sovereignty, strengths, and cultures, positing that Indigenous health is a culturally bound phenomenon. To move beyond these deficit-based framings and collate available scholarship, the present work presents the results of a scoping review surrounding the social and emotional wellbeing of queer, trans, and Two Spirit Native youth. Informed by the Indigiqueer ecological medicine wheel, the present work includes a breadth of health and wellbeing concepts for QT2S Native youth across micro and macro domains. A total of 27 articles met the criteria and were reviewed to (a) illuminate current experiences of QT2S Native youth, (b) provide recommendations for health providers to better support QT2S Native youth clients, and (c) suggest future research and data recommendations to build towards a holistic understanding of social and emotional wellbeing for queer, trans, and Two Spirit Native youth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Social and Emotional Wellbeing of LGBTQ+ Young People)
12 pages, 244 KiB  
Perspective
Justice-Involved Children with Special Educational Needs and Disability: What Are the Implications for Access to Identification and Support Through an Education, Health and Care Plan? A Thought Piece
by Tristan Middleton
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050273 - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
This thought piece exposes the gap in the operationalised support in England for young people within the justice system who have special educational needs and disabilities. It exposes inequity within the system which serves to create barriers for justice-involved young people, who are [...] Read more.
This thought piece exposes the gap in the operationalised support in England for young people within the justice system who have special educational needs and disabilities. It exposes inequity within the system which serves to create barriers for justice-involved young people, who are likely to already be disengaged from education, in accessing appropriate provision. It presents gaps in key educational advice and practice relating to access to Education, Health and Care Plans as a route to support for justice-involved young people, identifying a negative bias for this group of children who are already marginalised. Within the context of an English Special Educational Needs system which is widely recognised as broken, and an ongoing parliamentary consultation into ways to improve the situation, this piece suggests key changes to reduce the inequitable access to special education provision for young people accommodated in the secure estate. These suggestions make a contribution to the agenda of English politicians and the Department of Education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Perspectives on Secure Childcare)
19 pages, 261 KiB  
Article
Will the Women’s Movement in Iran Grow into a National Liberation Movement?
by Nayereh Tohidi and Manijeh Daneshpour
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050272 - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
The Women, Life, Freedom (WLF) movement in Iran represents an existentialist and humanist liberation struggle against the country’s oppressive clerical regime. Grounded in existentialist philosophy, particularly Simone de Beauvoir’s concepts of autonomy, self-realization, and the pursuit of freedom, WLF extends beyond political reform [...] Read more.
The Women, Life, Freedom (WLF) movement in Iran represents an existentialist and humanist liberation struggle against the country’s oppressive clerical regime. Grounded in existentialist philosophy, particularly Simone de Beauvoir’s concepts of autonomy, self-realization, and the pursuit of freedom, WLF extends beyond political reform to advocate for both personal and national liberation. The movement emphasizes self-determination, bodily autonomy, and agency, rejecting imposed identities and societal constraints. With over 120 years of Iranian women’s struggles as its foundation, WLF builds on past movements, such as the One Million Signatures Campaign, which raised awareness of legal discrimination and violence against women. The movement has also been shaped by globalization and “glocal” processes, fostering cross-cultural feminist solidarity among Iranian women both inside and outside the country. These transnational feminist networks connect local, national, and global movements, strengthening advocacy efforts. A defining feature of WLF is the role of male allies. Some men, particularly as partners in solidarity, actively challenge patriarchal norms and advocate for gender equality. Their participation reflects a shared commitment to human rights, national dignity, and freedom while acknowledging the importance of gender in shaping lived experiences and struggles. Ultimately, WLF is not just a gendered struggle but a unifying force that redefines Iranian identity. By intertwining personal and societal liberation within a global framework, the movement advances a transformative vision, one that challenges oppression, reclaims agency, and aspires for a just and equitable society. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feminist Solidarity, Resistance, and Social Justice)
19 pages, 790 KiB  
Article
Renegotiating Borders Between Home and School During Pandemic Times: The Experiences of Rural Vermont Public Elementary Educators
by Rachel Glickman and Kristin Labs
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050271 - 28 Apr 2025
Viewed by 33
Abstract
This exploratory study examines the experiences of public elementary school educators to understand the shifting educational priorities and renegotiation of borders between home and school during and since the COVID-19 pandemic. The research uses a case study approach through a critical inquiry process [...] Read more.
This exploratory study examines the experiences of public elementary school educators to understand the shifting educational priorities and renegotiation of borders between home and school during and since the COVID-19 pandemic. The research uses a case study approach through a critical inquiry process that centers the voices of those on the front lines of education. Derived from individual and focus group interviews, the findings illuminate educators’ experiences during different phases of the pandemic, including: the growing scope of their responsibilities, challenges with staffing, and competing and conflicting demands on educators’ time and attention. The study is limited by its geographical concentration and sole focus on the perspectives of school-based personnel. Future studies with larger samples may include educators and parents in various locations. Recommendations based on the findings include partnering with community-based organizations (CBOs) and creating a unifying vision that draws together school staff, families, and the wider community to re-envision the purpose of school in a post-pandemic context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 21st Roundtable of the International Network (INET) on School, Family, and Community Partnerships)
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15 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
Researching Young People and Far-Right Populism
by Pam Nilan
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050270 - 28 Apr 2025
Viewed by 39
Abstract
This paper considers the challenges facing qualitative researchers who study far-right populism and youth. First, there is the question of the method itself. Across the relevant literature, it seems more popular to use online methodologies rather than conduct face-to-face interviews. This is not [...] Read more.
This paper considers the challenges facing qualitative researchers who study far-right populism and youth. First, there is the question of the method itself. Across the relevant literature, it seems more popular to use online methodologies rather than conduct face-to-face interviews. This is not surprising given the difficulties of talking face-to-face with a specific cohort of young people who are often suspicious of outsiders and who may even pose a personal security risk to the interviewer. Second, the age, gender, and institutional status of a researcher may constitute an obstacle to the effectiveness of a face-to-face interview. Common features of far-right populism are mistrust of elites and misogyny. Moreover, the online world of youth today is a dynamic technological sphere that may be hard to grasp for someone from a previous generation. This paper is a reflective essay that uses examples of research in action. It aims to invite reader reflection on attuning research approaches to the lived experiences of youth drawn to far-right populism Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researching Youth on the Move: Methods, Ethics and Emotions)
21 pages, 336 KiB  
Article
Fatherhood Practices and Shared Parental Leave: Advancing Gender Equity in Parenting
by Gerlinde Mauerer
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050269 - 28 Apr 2025
Viewed by 79
Abstract
In this article, we examine the theoretical concept of hybrid masculinities from a praxeological perspective, focusing on fathers as caring parents. Examining the development of parenting practices and parental knowledge exchange, we conducted couple interviews with 42 couples (n = 42, 2021 and [...] Read more.
In this article, we examine the theoretical concept of hybrid masculinities from a praxeological perspective, focusing on fathers as caring parents. Examining the development of parenting practices and parental knowledge exchange, we conducted couple interviews with 42 couples (n = 42, 2021 and 2022) and analyzed how fathers’ and couples’ motivations for sharing parental leave (PL) and childcare allowance (CA) in Austria shape fatherhood practices. All interviewees had claimed CA for a minimum duration of five months. Since infant care has only recently been incorporated into normative constructions of masculinity, our praxeological analysis centers on fathers. By applying the theoretical concept of hybrid masculinities, we examine these practices which are still perceived as “new”. In the couple interviews we conducted, we analyzed the reports and views of both parents, which tended to be more fully expressed when the parents interviewed were in conversation with each other. We applied topic-specific content analysis and Informed Grounded Theory to analyze the empirical data, guided by semi-structured interview protocols and coded with MAXQDA. Our findings indicate that fathers successfully take on and embody caregiving responsibilities. However, they also continue to conform to traditional constructions of masculinity, particularly in their long-term reconciliation of childcare and employment. Considering international PL and CA policies, we discuss the relationship between parents’ dual PL uptake and social sustainability in the transformation of gendered parenting norms and the reduction in gender inequalities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intersections Between Work–Life Balance and Gender Policies: Equality and Sustainability for Caring and Family Transition)
16 pages, 410 KiB  
Article
Spanish Social Cinema: Analysis of Evolution and Implications for Social and Behavioral Sciences
by Antonio Jesus Molina-Fernández, María Gemma Valero-Arroyo, Río Vázquez-Gomis and Florentino Moreno-Martín
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050268 - 27 Apr 2025
Viewed by 118
Abstract
Social cinema is a cinematographic expression used to denounce current and historical problems, as well as to identify social limits and promote the transformation of society itself. To this end, works included in social cinema depict aspects of reality to critically influence it. [...] Read more.
Social cinema is a cinematographic expression used to denounce current and historical problems, as well as to identify social limits and promote the transformation of society itself. To this end, works included in social cinema depict aspects of reality to critically influence it. The objective of this study is to examine the evolution of social cinema, as well as its scientific, economic and political bases and its main consequences for the general population. Method: This study was conducted by the application of the technique of qualitative research thematic analysis as a procedure in the process of the execution of the scientific task, related to a historical trend study of the research object. The search was carried out in the databases of IMDB and the Culture Ministry of Spain. The end of the dictatorship and the beginning of democracy (1975) was placed as the historical cutting point in the analysis. Various psychosocial variables were used as categories of analysis, including poverty, work, substance use, crime, urban and rural contexts, violence, etc. Results: Spanish social cinema has evolved since its origins in the 1950s as a reflection of Spanish society. These developments, including both progressions and regressions, have been connected with social, political and economic factors. Conclusions: While the shape of Spanish social cinema has changed over time, its themes have remained similar since the origin: poverty, work and hopelessness. The evolution has not been continuous, as it has fluctuated in response to the claims and requests from the context. The Spanish social cinema has reflected topics and images from Spanish society, even when the sociopolitical context avoided them. Finally, the legitimacy of Spanish social cinema is based on its cultural strength and social/political commitment. Full article
18 pages, 600 KiB  
Article
Protective Factors for Marijuana Use and Suicidal Behavior Among Black LGBQ U.S. High School Students
by DeKeitra Griffin, Shawndaya S. Thrasher, Keith J. Watts, Philip Baiden, Elaine M. Maccio and Miya Tate
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050267 - 26 Apr 2025
Viewed by 84
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between protective factors, marijuana use, and suicidal behavior among Black LGBQ U.S. adolescents. Methods: A subsample of 991 Black LGBQ adolescents was derived from the 2019 Combined High School YRBSS dataset. Suicidal behavior was measured as [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the association between protective factors, marijuana use, and suicidal behavior among Black LGBQ U.S. adolescents. Methods: A subsample of 991 Black LGBQ adolescents was derived from the 2019 Combined High School YRBSS dataset. Suicidal behavior was measured as suicidal planning and/or previous suicide attempts. Marijuana usage gauged lifetime consumption. The protective factors included sports team participation, physical activity, eating breakfast, hours of sleep, and academic performance. Age and sex were entered as covariates. Multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) was used to address missing data, and pooled binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Academic performance and hours of sleep were significantly associated with lower odds of suicidal behavior and lifetime marijuana use. Sports team participation was associated with higher odds of lifetime marijuana use. Being female was linked to higher odds of marijuana use, while older age was associated with lower odds. Discussion: For Black LGBQ youth, academic performance and sufficient sleep may function as protective factors. Participating in sports was associated with greater odds of risk behaviors, highlighting the need to assess the experiences of Black LGBQ youth in sports. Implications and Contributions: Our findings inform school programming, policy, and practice by identifying academic support and sleep health as intervention areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Social and Emotional Wellbeing of LGBTQ+ Young People)
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19 pages, 256 KiB  
Article
Supporting Fathers Experiencing Family Breakdown: Practitioner Perspectives
by Benjamin Hine and Eilish Mairi Roy
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050266 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 67
Abstract
Background: This study explored the experiences and insights of providers who support fathers experiencing family breakdown, separation, and divorce (FBSD). Methods: Nine practitioners who work for organizations in the United Kingdom supporting fathers experiencing FBSD were interviewed using deliberative inquiry. The data were [...] Read more.
Background: This study explored the experiences and insights of providers who support fathers experiencing family breakdown, separation, and divorce (FBSD). Methods: Nine practitioners who work for organizations in the United Kingdom supporting fathers experiencing FBSD were interviewed using deliberative inquiry. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify key themes. Results: The findings highlighted four primary themes: ‘Support Needed by Fathers’, ‘Barriers for Organizations’, ‘Best Practice’, and ‘Recommendations’. Conclusions: The results mirror previous findings with fathers themselves and illuminate the immense challenges faced by organizations supporting them. Participants offered valuable insights into the necessary reform and change required to improve the experiences of separated fathers and their ability to support them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lost Dads: The Fathers and Family Breakdown, Separation, and Divorce Project)
22 pages, 557 KiB  
Article
Feasibility of Tiyanjane: A Family–School–Community Intervention Promoting Parental Involvement in the Education of Children with Disabilities in Malawi
by David John Musendo, Sarah Polack, Blessings Chirwa, Ellen S. Nkambule, Claire Mukakagame, Magnolia Chikanya, Thomas A. Nkhonjera and Tracey Smythe
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050265 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 87
Abstract
Evidence-based and theory-informed interventions focusing on parents of children with disabilities in low-income countries are scarce. This study examined the feasibility of Tiyanjane, a 12-week pilot intervention developed to promote parental involvement in the education of children with disabilities in Malawi. A mixed-method [...] Read more.
Evidence-based and theory-informed interventions focusing on parents of children with disabilities in low-income countries are scarce. This study examined the feasibility of Tiyanjane, a 12-week pilot intervention developed to promote parental involvement in the education of children with disabilities in Malawi. A mixed-method approach was employed based on five aspects of Bowen’s feasibility framework: acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, and limited efficacy. Twenty-one participants (13 caregivers, four teachers, and four local leaders) participated in the study. Standardised measures, namely the Parent and Family Adjustment Scale (PAFAS) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), were employed to evaluate changes in parental practices, adjustments, and perceived social support. Qualitative data were collected using focus groups and in-depth interviews to assess the feasibility of the intervention. Tiyanjane showed promise in promoting parental involvement in the education of children with disabilities. The intervention demonstrated high fidelity, achieving 100% retention and 95% attendance. Local resources, commitment from participants and facilitators, and strong family school–community ties enabled the practicality and execution of the intervention. Significant improvements were observed in the PAFAS and MSPSS scores across the assessed post-intervention outcomes. Minor logistical issues including resource and implementation challenges were reported. Tiyanjane was feasible for the facilitators and participants in the Malawian context. Further studies are needed to assess the programme’s adaptation, integration, and expansion in other contexts before scaling up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nurturing Bridges: Embracing Growth and Connecting Life for Children)
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11 pages, 228 KiB  
Brief Report
Perceptions of Technical Director of Nursing Home About Associated Factors and Intervention Strategies to Reduce Loneliness Among Older Adults
by Duarte Vilar, Joana Guedes, Sónia Martins, Marisa Accioly, Marisa Silva, Sidalina Almeida, Sandra Elvas and Tatiana Ferreira
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050264 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 77
Abstract
Loneliness is one of the most prevalent problems faced by older nursing homes (NHs) residents. Technical Directors (TDs) of NHs can play an important role in combating loneliness, so it is important to understand how they perceive this phenomenon. This study aimed to [...] Read more.
Loneliness is one of the most prevalent problems faced by older nursing homes (NHs) residents. Technical Directors (TDs) of NHs can play an important role in combating loneliness, so it is important to understand how they perceive this phenomenon. This study aimed to describe the perceptions of TDs about factors associated with loneliness and relevant areas of training and intervention. A total of 163 TDs (mean age = 42 years; 90% female) filled an online survey. The main NHs factors related to loneliness were residents’ mental and physical health problems; mistreatment in care provision; poor relationships between residents, with staff and family/friends; loss of loved ones; and family members’ work schedules and their geographical distance. Intervention domains that need to be improved were the policy of greater proximity to families and community, partnerships with the outside world, civic participation by residents, technical team diversity, and increase of staff/resident ratio. Dementia care, stress management, crisis intervention, person-centered care, and coping with death/bereavement were identified as relevant themes in professional training. This study appears as a relevant contribution to the deepening of knowledge not only about the phenomenon of loneliness among older residents in NHs, but also about the perceptions of TDs regarding this problem. Full article
20 pages, 292 KiB  
Article
Transfronterizx Family, Their Children, and U.S. Educators in Border Communities
by Sobeida Velázquez
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050263 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 222
Abstract
Transfronterizx students and their families cross the U.S.–Mexico border daily for academic, economic, social, cultural, and linguistic reasons. Socioeconomic disparities, deportation, and work have propelled some families to live in Mexico and enroll their U.S.-born children in U.S. schools. Educators of transfronterizx students [...] Read more.
Transfronterizx students and their families cross the U.S.–Mexico border daily for academic, economic, social, cultural, and linguistic reasons. Socioeconomic disparities, deportation, and work have propelled some families to live in Mexico and enroll their U.S.-born children in U.S. schools. Educators of transfronterizx students are uniquely tasked to work with these nontraditional students. This qualitative study aimed to understand the experiences of transfronterizx public school students, families, and educators of transfronterizx to understand the impact of transfronterizx students on strategies that support and foster effective family engagement. Findings include district and school policies that validate the experiences of people of color; transfronterizx community cultural wealth, including endurance and sacrifice wealth; and educators’ commitment to social justice through humanizing practices. Key themes include the following: fear is endemic among transfronterizx; the intersectionality of the global north and south shapes their experiences and interactions with the educational and sociopolitical systems. Lastly, I delineate recommendations for future research on the multilevel systems that impact transfronterizx. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 21st Roundtable of the International Network (INET) on School, Family, and Community Partnerships)
16 pages, 1105 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Prioritisation and Eligibility Criteria on Social Services Intake Processes: An International Systematic Review (1993–2024)
by David Ruíz-Ortega, Marta García-Domingo, Virginia Fuentes and Yolanda De la Fuente-Robles
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050262 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 136
Abstract
This systematic review examines the impact of prioritisation and eligibility criteria on social services’ intake processes. By analysing 22 studies from nine countries over three decades, this review identifies key patterns in how these criteria influence access to social assistance. Using thematic analysis, [...] Read more.
This systematic review examines the impact of prioritisation and eligibility criteria on social services’ intake processes. By analysing 22 studies from nine countries over three decades, this review identifies key patterns in how these criteria influence access to social assistance. Using thematic analysis, this study highlights that automation has improved efficiency by reducing administrative costs and wait times, but has also created access barriers for older adults, migrants, and individuals with limited digital skills. Additionally, gender and intersectionality play a crucial role, with men facing stricter eligibility requirements and migrant women experiencing higher approval rates. The findings also reveal that professionals’ subjective perceptions influence decisions, introducing biases that affect equitable resource distribution. While prioritisation systems streamline service delivery, they also lead to inconsistencies across different social service centres, potentially reinforcing social inequalities. This review emphasises the need to balance efficiency with fairness, ensuring that eligibility criteria do not become exclusionary mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Social Policy and Welfare)
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16 pages, 329 KiB  
Article
Understanding Factors Influencing Cycling Behaviour Among University Students and Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Isabel M. Martín-López, Olalla García-Taibo, Antoni Aguiló and Pere Antoni Borràs
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050261 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 176
Abstract
Active commuting by bicycle offers health and environmental benefits, yet it remains uncommon among university populations. This study aimed to identify key factors influencing bicycle commuting among university students and staff based on cyclist typology and to assess the applicability of the Theory [...] Read more.
Active commuting by bicycle offers health and environmental benefits, yet it remains uncommon among university populations. This study aimed to identify key factors influencing bicycle commuting among university students and staff based on cyclist typology and to assess the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and socio-ecological models. A total of 305 students and 79 staff completed a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic, psychological, social, and environmental variables. Results revealed significant differences based on cyclist typology. Urban cyclists reported fewer perceived barriers (1.96 ± 0.59) and more advantages (3.61 ± 0.40) than non-cyclists (2.71 ± 0.56 and 3.26 ± 0.49, respectively; p < 0.001). While personal and psychological factors were most influential for non-cyclists, environmental aspects were more relevant for urban cyclists and cyclists. Multinomial logistic regression showed that for both cyclists and urban cyclists, bicycle ownership (OR = 0.098–0.104, p < 0.001) and intention to use (OR = 0.091–0.358, p ≤ 0.02) were key predictors of cycling behaviour. Although gender was only a significant predictor for cyclists (OR = 3.41, p = 0.003), this variable did not influence urban cycling behaviour. These findings support using TPB and socio-ecological models to design targeted, multilevel interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Achieving Sustainability through Educational Advances: Deep Dives into Social, Economic, and Environmental Perspectives)
16 pages, 236 KiB  
Article
‘I Think It’s So Complicated Knowing What to Make of What Children Show’: On Child Welfare Employees’ Assessments of Children’s Reactions to Visitation
by Tanja Røed Larsen
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050260 - 24 Apr 2025
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Abstract
The theme of this article is how child welfare workers understand children’s reactions when they assess visitation between parents and children in public care in Norway. The data material consists of 35 transcribed, anonymised recordings of child welfare workers from different child welfare [...] Read more.
The theme of this article is how child welfare workers understand children’s reactions when they assess visitation between parents and children in public care in Norway. The data material consists of 35 transcribed, anonymised recordings of child welfare workers from different child welfare services across the country discussing visitation. The analytical approach is based on Sara Ahmed’s perspectives on discourses on emotions and how the circulation of emotions creates reactions. This has enabled an exploration of child welfare workers’ understanding of children’s reactions as hierarchical, produced by stigma and adaptations. This article shows the complexity present when child welfare workers consider visitation between parents and children in public care. It shows how children’s reactions to visitation can be interpreted and understood and how this affects the assessments that are made. The article provides an insight into how child welfare workers are influenced by societal discourses about what emotions are and what they do and how this is of significance when assessing visitation between children and parents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contact between Parents and Children in Child Welfare Care)
16 pages, 240 KiB  
Article
“Erased in Translation”: Decoding Settler Colonialism Embedded in Cultural Adaptations to Family Group Conferencing (FGC)
by Hung-Peng Lin, Emiko Tajima, Karina Walters and Marilee Sherry
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050259 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 159
Abstract
Māori wisdom revolutionized the child welfare system through the now manualized Family Group Conferencing method. The global trend of adopting and adapting this culturally grounded child welfare practice has been well documented. However, as this service model is adapted and imported to other [...] Read more.
Māori wisdom revolutionized the child welfare system through the now manualized Family Group Conferencing method. The global trend of adopting and adapting this culturally grounded child welfare practice has been well documented. However, as this service model is adapted and imported to other countries, so is its legacy of settler colonialism. This qualitative case study applies Settler Colonialism Theory to unpack the settler colonialism embedded in the process of adopting an adapted Indigenist family engagement program in Taiwan. Research findings indicate that cultural adaptation reproduces settler colonialism. To implement family engagement within a paternalistic CPS system, program implementers struggled between authoritative decision making and building meaningful state–family partnerships. Although adhering to a model that ostensibly involves family decision making may ease settler anxiety among program implementers, settler colonialism remains the elephant in the room. It frequently undergirds the cultural adaptation process. Liberatory social work practice calls for unpacking settler anxiety, systems of power, and cultural imperialism embedded in program implementation. Full article
25 pages, 881 KiB  
Article
Aging and Interpersonal Strain: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Social Drivers of Inclusive Workplaces
by Valentina Sommovigo, Valentina Rosa, Valentina Alfano, Andrea Laudadio and Laura Borgogni
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050258 - 23 Apr 2025
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Abstract
As the global workforce ages and multiple generations collaborate in workplaces, addressing the unique needs of diverse age groups becomes critical. Grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, this study examines how regulatory emotional self-efficacy in managing negative emotions serves as a crucial personal resource [...] Read more.
As the global workforce ages and multiple generations collaborate in workplaces, addressing the unique needs of diverse age groups becomes critical. Grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, this study examines how regulatory emotional self-efficacy in managing negative emotions serves as a crucial personal resource in protecting against interpersonal strain. It also explores whether this relationship varies between middle-aged and senior employees. Age-related improvements in emotional self-efficacy highlight its significance in shaping perceptions of workplace inclusivity, defined by the inclusive behaviors of social drivers: colleagues, supervisors, and top management. A total of 1068 employees from a leading European telecommunication organization completed online questionnaires measuring regulatory emotional self-efficacy, social drivers of inclusive workplaces, and interpersonal strain. Mediation analyses revealed that regulatory emotional self-efficacy is positively associated with perceptions of inclusive social drivers, which, in turn, are negatively related to interpersonal strain. Multi-group analyses demonstrated that the protective effects of regulatory emotional self-efficacy differ by age. While inclusive colleagues mediate the relationship across all age groups, inclusive top management is particularly significant for employees aged 45–54. These findings deepen the understanding of age-specific dynamics in fostering workplace inclusion and underscore the necessity of tailored organizational strategies to support employee well-being across the lifespan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organizational Strategies to Combat Workplace Bullying and Foster Inclusion)
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15 pages, 281 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study on Cyberbullying Behaviors Among Korean and American College Students: Insights from Social Learning Theory and General Strain Theory
by Gang Lee and Sinyong Choi
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050257 - 23 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Cyberbullying has emerged as a prominent social issue in recent years, affecting individuals across various age groups, including college students. This study aims to shed light on cyberbullying behaviors among American and Korean college students, drawing on the lenses of social learning theory [...] Read more.
Cyberbullying has emerged as a prominent social issue in recent years, affecting individuals across various age groups, including college students. This study aims to shed light on cyberbullying behaviors among American and Korean college students, drawing on the lenses of social learning theory and general strain theory as theoretical frameworks. Two survey data sets of 1067 college students (686 from South Korea and 381 from the U.S.) revealed that the social learning variable of definitions was the key predictor of cyberbullying behaviors for American students, while differential association was the significant predictor for Korean students. General strain variables were found to be not strong predictors of cyberbullying behaviors for American students, while these variables were significant predictors for Korean students. The differences between two college student populations in terms of the effects of theoretical factors on cyberbullying behaviors suggests the necessity of diverse approaches toward cyberbullying preventive strategies. Full article
18 pages, 324 KiB  
Article
Personality Profiles of Victims of Intimate Partner Violence and Inmates: Contributions of the Personality Assessment Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form
by Mauro Paulino, Mariana Moniz, Octávio Moura, Daniel Rijo, Rosa F. Novo and Mário R. Simões
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050256 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 415
Abstract
Although there is a growing body of research focused on the personality characteristics of victims and offenders, only a few studies have investigated both groups through robust and comprehensive measures of personality. The present study aimed to compare the PAI and MMPI-2-RF profiles [...] Read more.
Although there is a growing body of research focused on the personality characteristics of victims and offenders, only a few studies have investigated both groups through robust and comprehensive measures of personality. The present study aimed to compare the PAI and MMPI-2-RF profiles between victims and offenders and investigate the influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on their results. Samples of 107 female victims (age: M = 42.71; SD = 11.25) and 154 male inmates (age: M = 36.51; SD = 12.72) were compared, and statistically significant differences were found on several PAI and MMPI-2-RF scales. While the victims tended to score higher on scales such as Anxiety, Stress, Somatic Complaints and Thought Dysfunction, the inmates scored higher on scales related to Antisocial Traits, Drug Problems, and Aggressiveness-Revised, among others. Both groups reported a large number of ACEs, and linear regression analyses revealed that ACEs predicted PAI and MMPI-2-RF scores. A discriminant analysis also found that specific ACEs accurately discriminate psychological characteristics between victim and offender groups. In conclusion, the PAI and the MMPI-2-RF provided valuable information on the characteristics of victims and inmates, contributing to a better understanding of the nature of victimization and crime perpetration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Approaches to Prevent and Intervene with Victims and Offenders of Gender-Based and Domestic Violence)
15 pages, 2408 KiB  
Article
From Emotion to Virality: The Use of Social Media in the Populism of Chega and VOX
by Ricardo Domínguez-García, João Pedro Baptista, Concha Pérez-Curiel and Daniela Esperança Monteiro da Fonseca
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050255 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 306
Abstract
This study analyses the digital communication strategies of the radical right parties VOX (Spain) and Chega (Portugal) on the social media platforms X, Instagram, and TikTok during the electoral periods. Using a comparative content analysis with quantitative and qualitative approaches, the research reveals [...] Read more.
This study analyses the digital communication strategies of the radical right parties VOX (Spain) and Chega (Portugal) on the social media platforms X, Instagram, and TikTok during the electoral periods. Using a comparative content analysis with quantitative and qualitative approaches, the research reveals that both parties employ a populist discourse marked by confrontation with the political elite and the use of emotional appeals to mobilize their followers. VOX directs its attacks at the left and the Spanish Prime Minister, while Chega emphasizes criticism of the political system as a whole. The results show that polarization and the evocation of emotions such as indignation, pride, and hope are central strategies in their posts. Furthermore, messages with strong emotional charge and audiovisual elements generate a greater impact, especially on TikTok and Instagram, where virality is significantly higher than on X. The study concludes that the communication strategies of these parties are based on ‘data populism’, where interaction and visibility on social media reinforce their political narratives and consolidate their base of support. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Open Society 2.0: Democracy in the Age of Social Media and Populism)
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16 pages, 277 KiB  
Article
“Keeping an Eye Out”: Students’ Experiences of School Personnel’s Noticing in Shaping or Hindering a Positive School Climate
by Silvia Edling, Ylva Bjereld, Robert Thornberg, Peter Gill, Maryam Bourbour and Davoud Masoumi
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050254 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 202
Abstract
A positive school climate is characterized by a higher degree of well-being among students, reduced bullying, and improved academic performance. While many initiatives are aimed at creating a positive school climate, discussions in both research and theory frequently fail to acknowledge the essential [...] Read more.
A positive school climate is characterized by a higher degree of well-being among students, reduced bullying, and improved academic performance. While many initiatives are aimed at creating a positive school climate, discussions in both research and theory frequently fail to acknowledge the essential role of school personnel. This study examines a purposeful sample of Swedish middle-school students (4th to 9th grade) of school personnel’s noticing in fostering or hindering a positive school climate. Fifteen (15) focus groups and 19 semi-structured interviews were analyzed, covering 133 participants selected from three schools (age range 10 to 16 years) in a Swedish municipality. Drawing on a framework of professional noticing and positive school and classroom climate, the investigation was conducted using a case study approach and analyzed with the help of content analysis. The results highlighted the importance placed by students on school personnel noticing appropriate things/events and responding accordingly. For this to happen, personnel need to (a) notice and make themselves visible; (b) be actively observing as a prerequisite to their noticing; (c) be receptive to noticing; (d) notice and grasp a full picture, including students’ perspectives; and (e) connect their noticing with appropriate actions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revisiting School Violence: Safety for Children in Schools)
14 pages, 1441 KiB  
Article
From Scroll to Action: Can Social Media Influencers Drive Real Behavioral Change Among Their Followers?
by Regina Veckalne, Samandarbek Akhmatjonov, Sugra Humbatova and Natig Gadim-Oglu Hajiyev
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050253 - 22 Apr 2025
Viewed by 190
Abstract
This study explores the influence of sustainability-promoting social media influencers on their followers’ adoption of sustainable behaviours. Specifically, it examines how influencer credibility (IC), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and attitudes toward sustainability (AS) shape actual sustainable behavior (ASB) among followers. Using Partial Least [...] Read more.
This study explores the influence of sustainability-promoting social media influencers on their followers’ adoption of sustainable behaviours. Specifically, it examines how influencer credibility (IC), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and attitudes toward sustainability (AS) shape actual sustainable behavior (ASB) among followers. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) based on the survey distributed among the followers of sustainability-promoting influencers in the winter of 2024–2025, our findings reveal that influencer credibility is a key driver in advancing positive attitudes toward sustainability, as followers who perceive an influencer as knowledgeable, trustworthy, and relatable are more likely to develop favorable views on sustainable practices. Furthermore, influencer credibility has a direct impact on the actual sustainable behaviors of their followers. Perceived behavioral control is also a significant predictor of both attitudes toward sustainability and sustainable behavior. However, positive attitudes toward sustainability alone may not directly drive behavioral change without sufficient perceived control and credible influence. These findings highlight the importance of influencers maintaining high credibility and empowering followers with practical, achievable guidance to facilitate sustainable lifestyle changes. Thus, this study highlights the potential for social media influencers to play a meaningful role in advancing sustainability. Full article
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16 pages, 255 KiB  
Article
Mentorship in Schools: A Co-Creation Programme That Gives a Voice to Migrant Children
by Cátia Moreira de Carvalho, Danai Garoufallidou and Isabel R. Pinto
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(5), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050252 - 22 Apr 2025
Viewed by 156
Abstract
In the context of a European Union-funded project, a mentorship programme was developed and implemented in a Portuguese school serving as the initial destination for newly arrived migrant children. This initiative arose from a gap in interventions aimed at promoting integration and inclusion [...] Read more.
In the context of a European Union-funded project, a mentorship programme was developed and implemented in a Portuguese school serving as the initial destination for newly arrived migrant children. This initiative arose from a gap in interventions aimed at promoting integration and inclusion of migrant children in this educational context. The programme was designed, following the participatory action research and co-creation approaches, guided by three primary objectives: amplifying the voices of migrant children and youth, empowering their agency and active citizenship, and facilitating their integration in the school. Recognising that integration is a two-way process, the programme engaged established students as mentors and peers of newly arrived migrant children. Over an academic year, collaborative activities were created and implemented in the school in partnership with participating students. These activities aimed to promote integration, foster a pro-diversity environment, and ensure sustainability. The programme’s evaluation included a questionnaire and a focus group involving participating children and teachers responsible for the activities. Findings highlighted the cultivation of values like tolerance, respect, and empathy, with effects extending beyond the school. Moreover, results revealed heightened teacher awareness of the unique needs of migrant children and the importance of incorporating their voices into school activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Inclusion of Children, Youth and Families from Refugee and Migrant Backgrounds)
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