Perceived Leadership Support, Safety Citizenship, and Employee Safety Behavior in the Construction Industry: The Role of Safety Learning

The construction industry faces significant challenges in ensuring worker safety, encompassing both physical hazards and mental health concerns. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory (SET), this study explores the impact of perceived leadership support (PLS) on employee safety behavior (ESB) and safety citizenship behavior (SCB), focusing on the mediating role of SCB and the moderating effect of safety learning (SL). A quantitative approach was employed, collecting a sample size of 410 construction workers from various companies within the Turkish construction sector. Data were collected through electronic questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that PLS positively influences both ESB and SCB. Additionally, SCB mediates the relationship between PLS and ESB, while SL moderates the effect of PLS on both SCB and ESB, further strengthening the positive relationships. This study highlights the critical role of leadership support and safety learning in promoting safer behaviors within the construction industry, suggesting that organizations should cultivate a proactive safety culture to enhance safety outcomes.