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Volume 14
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10.3390/diagnostics14121270
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Review

Left Ventricular Papillary Muscle: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Multimodal Evaluation

by
Shiying Li
1,2,3,†,
Zhen Wang
1,2,3,†,
Wenpei Fu
1,2,3,
Fangya Li
1,2,3,
Hui Gu
1,2,3,
Nan Cui
1,2,3,
Yixia Lin
1,2,3,
Mingxing Xie
1,2,3 and
Yali Yang
1,2,3,*
1
Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
2
Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
3
Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Diagnostics 2024, 14(12), 1270; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121270
Submission received: 2 May 2024 / Revised: 4 June 2024 / Accepted: 13 June 2024 / Published: 16 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)
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Abstract

As an integral part of the mitral valve apparatus, the left ventricle papillary muscle (PM) controls mitral valve closure during systole and participates in the ejection process during left ventricular systole. Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most immediate and predominant result when the PM is structurally or functionally abnormal. However, dysfunction of the PM is easily underestimated or overlooked in clinical interventions for MR-related diseases. Therefore, adequate recognition of PM dysfunction and PM-derived MR is critical. In this review, we systematically describe the normal anatomical variations in the PM and the pathophysiology of PM dysfunction-related diseases and summarize the commonly used parameters and the advantages and disadvantages of various noninvasive imaging modalities for the structural and functional assessment of the PM.
Keywords: papillary muscle; mitral regurgitation; multimodal imaging; functional evaluation papillary muscle; mitral regurgitation; multimodal imaging; functional evaluation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, S.; Wang, Z.; Fu, W.; Li, F.; Gu, H.; Cui, N.; Lin, Y.; Xie, M.; Yang, Y. Left Ventricular Papillary Muscle: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Multimodal Evaluation. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1270. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121270

AMA Style

Li S, Wang Z, Fu W, Li F, Gu H, Cui N, Lin Y, Xie M, Yang Y. Left Ventricular Papillary Muscle: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Multimodal Evaluation. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(12):1270. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121270

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Shiying, Zhen Wang, Wenpei Fu, Fangya Li, Hui Gu, Nan Cui, Yixia Lin, Mingxing Xie, and Yali Yang. 2024. "Left Ventricular Papillary Muscle: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Multimodal Evaluation" Diagnostics 14, no. 12: 1270. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121270

APA Style

Li, S., Wang, Z., Fu, W., Li, F., Gu, H., Cui, N., Lin, Y., Xie, M., & Yang, Y. (2024). Left Ventricular Papillary Muscle: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Multimodal Evaluation. Diagnostics, 14(12), 1270. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14121270

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