Diagnostics, Volume 11, Issue 5

This editorial aims to summarize the scientific papers that contributed to the Special Issue “Differential Diagnosis for Dry Eye” [...]

Systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) is a catastrophic complication of one of the most common and devastating autoimmune diseases. Once diagnosed, it becomes the leading cause of mortality among this patient populat...

The aim of this study was to compare overall survival (OS) rates at different pN stages of NSCLC depending on tumor characteristics and to assess the applicability of saliva biochemical markers as prognostic signs. The study included 239 patients wit...

We aimed to describe the relationships between the relative fat fraction (%FF), muscle-normalized diffusion-weighted (DW) image signal intensity and water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), sex and age for normal bone marrow, in the normal populat...

(1) Background: severe weight loss was reported to be related to unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) after esophagectomy and could thus impair survival. Concomitant radical lymph node dissection along the recurrent laryngeal nerve during esophagea...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interconnection between the type of nasopalatine canal (NPC) and morphometric characteristics of the anterior maxilla. The investigation involved 113 subjects, and the morphometric parameters were obtained us...

Thickening of the vascular basement membrane (BM) is a fundamental structural change in the small blood vessels in diabetes. Collagen type IV (CIV) is a major component of the BMs, and monitoring the turnover of this protein in type 2 diabetes (T2D)...

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL) are a frequent and underreported incidental finding on CT scans and can transform into neoplasms with devastating consequences. We developed and evaluated an algorithm based on a two-step nnU-Net architecture for autom...

Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on multiple MR imaging features of the lumbar spine, to detect a variety of different degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. One hundred and f...

Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors (RGNTs) are rare, grade I, central nervous system (CNS) tumors typically localized to the fourth ventricle. We describe a 9-year-old girl with dizziness and occipital headache. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) re...

Objectives: Limitations of widespread current COVID-19 diagnostic testing exist in both the pre-analytical and analytical stages. To alleviate these limitations, we developed a universal saliva processing protocol (SalivaSTAT) that would enable an ex...

Background: The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) is the primary outcome of a polysomnography assessment (PSG) for determining obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. However, other OSA severity parameters (i.e., total arousal index, mean oxygen saturation...

Thyroid cancer (TC) represents a worldwide problem, the consistent growth of the incidence increment issues about management of risk factors and curative treatment. Updated statistical data are not complete in the North East region of Romania and nee...

Analysis of magnetic resonance image (MRI) quality after open (Op)-transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF) and minimally invasive (MI)-TLIF with the implantation of structurally different systems has not previously been performed. The objective of thi...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common neoplasm in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide [...]

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a differential diagnosis for Coats’ disease due to retinal arterial Leber’s aneurysms. Occasionally, RVO shows a Coats-like appearance. The differential diagnosis between Coats’ disease and RVO is essential for clinica...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shown the importance of postmortem investigation of deceased patients. For a correct interpretation of the pulmonary findings in this new era, it is, however, crucial to be familiar with pathologic pulmonary co...

COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The COVID-19 virus spreads when a person comes into contact with an affected individual. This is mainly through drops of saliva or nasal discharge. Most of the affected people have mild symptoms w...

Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB, HSPB5) belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP) family and is highly expressed in various human cancers, suggesting a crucial role in tumor progression. However, few studies have examined CRYAB expression in colorectal...

Background: Identifying an effective method for the early diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) would be beneficial for effective therapies. Methods: We studied blood biomarkers before 6 h after birth to correlate the degree of...

The diagnostic value of ultrasonography (US) for frozen shoulder (FS) is not well established. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of US measurement of inferior joint capsule (IJC) thickness and evaluate changes in the thickness of the IJ...

Clinical manifestations accompanying respiratory failure with insidious and rapidly progressive onset are often non-specific. Symptoms such as a cough, dyspnea, and fever are common to a large number of inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic disease...

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has threatened public health and caused tremendous social and economic losses [...]

Sudden death (SD) is defined as the unexpected natural death occurred within an hour after the onset of symptoms or from the last moment the subject has been seen in a healthy condition. Brugada syndrome (BrS) is one of the most remarkable cardiac ca...

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are widely used to develop predictive frameworks. Accurate prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) age of onset (ADAOO) is crucial to investigate potential treatments, follow-up, and therapeutic interventions. Although...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing, exhibiting an increasing prevalence and several cardiovascular complications. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold-standard treatment for moderate-...

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, its symptoms and signs are not specific or can be absent. In this context, transthoracic echocardiography plays a key role in diagnosing the various forms of HF...

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) indices have been shown to be associated with prognosis in various types of cancer. This study aims to assess the ability of these indices to predict survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after d...

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has gained attention as a method of minimizing the extent of neck dissection with a similar survival rate as elective neck dissection in oral cancer. Indocyanine green (ICG) imaging is widely used in the field of surg...

A false negative can happen in many kinds of medical tests, regardless of whether they are screening or diagnostic in nature. However, it inevitably poses serious concerns especially in a prenatal setting because its sequelae can mark the birth of an...

Detecting COVID-19 at an early stage is essential to reduce the mortality risk of the patients. In this study, a cascaded system is proposed to segment the lung, detect, localize, and quantify COVID-19 infections from computed tomography images. An e...

Background and aims: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein content presents a sexual dimorphism in humans. We investigated sex-related differences in CSF IgG levels and in the quantification of intrathecal IgG synthesis (IIS). Methods: CSF, serum albumin...

Morquio syndrome is a rare disease caused by a disorder in the storage of mucopolysaccharides that affects multiple organs, including musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. Respiratory failure is one of the leading cause...

Despite important advancements in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) management, it continues to represent a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Fast and reliable AMI diagnosis can significantly reduce mortality in this high-risk population. Diagnos...

Background: The use of ¹⁸F-2-Fluor-2-desoxy-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography FDG-PET/CT in clinical routine for staging, treatment response monitoring and post treatment surveillance in metastatic melanoma patients has notic...

Background: The impact of MRI-lesion targeted (TB) and systematic biopsy (SB) Gleason score (GS) as a predictor for final pathological GS still remains unclear. Methods: All patients with TB + SB, and subsequent radical prostatectomy (RP) between 01/...

Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Ureaplasma sp. are atypical bacteria responsible for in vitro cell culture contaminations that can warp the results. These bacteria also cause human and animal infections and may lead to chronic diseases. In developed po...

Background and Aims: The Spanish prison population includes two groups: people in prison and those who are serving non-custodial sentences. The latter has not yet been studied. This study aims to describe this population and the results of a test-and...

The purpose of our work was to assess the independent and incremental value of AI-derived quantitative determination of lung lesions extent on initial CT scan for the prediction of clinical deterioration or death in patients hospitalized with COVID-1...

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of large vessel vasculitis. GCA is a medical and ophthalmological emergency, and rapid diagnosis and treatment with high-dose corticosteroids is critical in order to reduce the risk of stroke and sud...

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) is a chronic painful and disabling condition. Patients complain about upper-limb paresthesia or weakness. Weakness has been considered one of the diagnostic criteria of NTOS, but objective comparisons to hea...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important opportunistic infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, current techniques used to predict risk for CMV infection fall short. CMV-specific cell mediated immunity (CMI) plays an...

Despite the substantial changes resulting from the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains substantial. Blood–brain barrier impairment (BBBi) is a frequent fe...

Background: developmental dysplasia of the hip has an incidence of 3–5 out of 1000 children. Currently, only postnatal screening is available. Objective: to test the feasibility of a method based on Graf technique application at antenatal ultrasound...

Recently, large-scale screening for COVID-19 has presented a major challenge, limiting timely countermeasures. Therefore, the application of suitable rapid serological tests could provide useful information, however, little evidence regarding their r...

Predicting grade 1 (G1) and 2 (G2) primary pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (panNET) is crucial to foresee panNET clinical behaviour. Fifty-one patients with G1-G2 primary panNET demonstrated by pre-surgical [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT and diagnostic con...

Dyslipidemia plays an essential role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The role of lipids and lipoproteins in the early pre-disease state of CKD in hypertensive patients is still unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between early rena...

Light-based technologies provide unique opportunities for the diagnosis of various pathological disorders of biological tissues [...]

Oral leukoplakia (OL) has a propensity for recurrence and malignant transformation (MT). Herein, we evaluate sociodemographic, clinical, microscopic and immunohistochemical parameters as predictive factors for OL recurrence, also comparing primary le...

Aim of the study is to compare the agreement between whole-body low-dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) in the evaluation of bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Patients with biopsy-pro...