Association of Alpha B-Crystallin Expression with Tumor Differentiation Grade in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Clinical Samples
2.2. Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
2.3. IHC Assessment
2.4. Western Blot Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Expression of CRYAB Protein
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Walther, A.; Johnstone, E.; Swanton, C.; Midgley, R.; Tomlinson, I.; Kerr, D. Genetic prognostic and predictive markers in colorectal cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2009, 9, 489–499. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hutchins, G.; Southward, K.; Handley, K.; Magill, L.; Beaumont, C.; Stahlschmidt, J.; Richman, S.; Chambers, P.; Seymour, M.; Kerr, D.; et al. Value of Mismatch Repair, KRAS, and BRAF Mutations in Predicting Recurrence and Benefits From Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2011, 29, 1261–1270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fleming, M.; Ravula, S.; Tatishchev, S.F.; Wang, H.L. Colorectal carcinoma: Pathologic aspects. J. Gastrointest. Oncol. 2012, 3, 153–173. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Treweek, T.M.; Meehan, S.; Ecroyd, H.; Carver, J.A. Small heat-shock proteins: Important players in regulating cellular proteostasis. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2014, 72, 429–451. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ousman, S.S.; Tomooka, B.H.; Van Noort, J.M.; Wawrousek, E.F.; O’Conner, K.; Hafler, D.A.; Sobel, R.A.; Robinson, W.H.; Steinman, L. Protective and therapeutic role for αB-crystallin in autoimmune demyelination. Nat. Cell Biol. 2007, 448, 474–479. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Huang, Z.; Cheng, Y.; Chiu, P.M.; Cheung, F.M.F.; Nicholls, J.M.; Kwong, D.L.-W.; Lee, A.W.M.; Zabarovsky, E.R.; Stanbridge, E.J.; Lung, H.L.; et al. Tumor suppressor Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) associates with the cadherin/catenin adherens junction and impairs NPC progression-associated properties. Oncogene 2011, 31, 3709–3720. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sun, Y.; Macrae, T.H. The small heat shock proteins and their role in human disease. FEBS J. 2005, 272, 2613–2627. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, J.; Liu, J.; Wu, J.; Li, W.; Chen, Z.; Yang, L. Progression of the role of CRYAB in signaling pathways and cancers. OncoTargets Ther. 2019, ume 12, 4129–4139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chen, D.; Cao, G.; Qiao, C.; Liu, G.; Zhou, H.; Liu, Q. Alpha B--crystallin promotes the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer via NF--κB--induced epithelial--mesenchymal transition. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2018, 22, 3215–3222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Moyano, J.V.; Evans, J.R.; Chen, F.; Lu, M.; Werner, M.E.; Yehiely, F.; Diaz, L.K.; Turbin, D.; Karaca, G.; Wiley, E.; et al. αB-Crystallin is a novel oncoprotein that predicts poor clinical outcome in breast cancer. J. Clin. Investig. 2005, 116, 261–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Lung, H.L.; Lo, C.C.; Wong, C.C.L.; Cheung, A.K.L.; Cheong, K.F.; Wong, N.; Kwong, F.M.; Chan, K.C.; Law, E.W.L.; Tsao, S.W.; et al. Identification of tumor suppressive activity by irradiation microcell-mediated chromosome transfer and involvement ofalpha B-crystallinin nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer 2007, 122, 1288–1296. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Takashi, M.; Katsuno, S.; Sakata, T.; Kato, K.; Ohshima, S. Different concentrations of two small stress proteins, αB crystallin and HSP27 in human urological tumor tissues. Urol. Res. 1998, 26, 395–399. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lin, D.I.; Barbash, O.; Kumar, K.S.; Weber, J.D.; Harper, J.W.; Klein-Szanto, A.J.; Rustgi, A.; Fuchs, S.Y.; Diehl, J.A. Phosphorylation-Dependent Ubiquitination of Cyclin D1 by the SCFFBX4-αB Crystallin Complex. Mol. Cell 2006, 24, 355–366. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Shi, C.; He, Z.; Hou, N.; Ni, Y.; Xiong, L.; Chen, P. Alpha B-crystallin correlates with poor survival in colorectal cancer. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 2014, 7, 6056–6063. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Tang, Z.; Kang, B.; Li, C.; Chen, T.; Zhang, Z. GEPIA2: An enhanced web server for large-scale expression profiling and interactive analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019, 47, W556–W560. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
Group | Cases | CRYAB | |
---|---|---|---|
n = 111 | High | Low | |
Gender | n = Cases | n = Cases | |
Male | 78 | 36 | 25 |
Female | 32 | 22 | 17 |
Age | |||
>60 | 72 | 37 | 35 |
<60 | 39 | 21 | 18 |
Hystological Type | |||
Adenocarcinoma | 100 | 30 | 70 |
Mucinoso | 11 | 9 | 2 |
Tumor Differentiation | |||
G1 | 19 | 4 | 15 |
G2 | 59 | 31 | 28 |
G3 | 33 | 8 | 25 |
TNM | |||
Stage I–II | 52 | 27 | 25 |
Stage III–IV | 59 | 29 | 30 |
Valid Cases n = 111 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Hystopatological type × % positive cells Cross tabulation | |||
(2-sided) | Value | df | p value |
Pearson Chi-Square | 16.768 | 8 | 0.033 |
Likelihood Ratio | 12.627 | 8 | 0.125 |
GRADING × % positive cells Cross tabulation | |||
Pearson Chi-Square | 9.645 | 4 | 0.047 |
Likelihood Ratio | 8.039 | 4 | 0.090 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Pagano, C.; Navarra, G.; Gazzerro, P.; Vitale, M.; Notarnicola, M.; Caruso, M.G.; Cavalcanti, E.; Armentano, R.; Laezza, C.; Bifulco, M. Association of Alpha B-Crystallin Expression with Tumor Differentiation Grade in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050896
Pagano C, Navarra G, Gazzerro P, Vitale M, Notarnicola M, Caruso MG, Cavalcanti E, Armentano R, Laezza C, Bifulco M. Association of Alpha B-Crystallin Expression with Tumor Differentiation Grade in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(5):896. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050896
Chicago/Turabian StylePagano, Cristina, Giovanna Navarra, Patrizia Gazzerro, Mario Vitale, Maria Notarnicola, Maria Gabriella Caruso, Elisabetta Cavalcanti, Raffaele Armentano, Chiara Laezza, and Maurizio Bifulco. 2021. "Association of Alpha B-Crystallin Expression with Tumor Differentiation Grade in Colorectal Cancer Patients" Diagnostics 11, no. 5: 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050896