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Volume 13
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10.3390/life13020461
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Article

Association between Age, Sex and Cervical Spine Sagittal Plane Motion: A Descriptive and Correlational Study in Healthy Volunteers

by
Carlos Antonio Zárate-Tejero
1,†,
Pere Ramón Rodríguez-Rubio
1,†,
Lindsay Brandt
2,
John Krauss
2,
Mar Hernández-Secorún
3,
Orosia Lucha-López
3,* and
César Hidalgo-García
3
1
Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
2
School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
3
Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Life 2023, 13(2), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020461
Submission received: 12 December 2022 / Revised: 21 January 2023 / Accepted: 4 February 2023 / Published: 7 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Spine Surgery)
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Abstract

Active motion examination of patients with cervical spine-related pathologies is necessary to establish baseline function, set physical therapy goals, and choose interventions. This study investigated the sagittal plane active range of motion (ROM) of the global (GCS) and upper cervical spine (UCS) in relation to age and sex in healthy volunteers. One hundred twenty-two volunteers aged 18 to 75 years participated. Volunteers were excluded if they displayed any characteristic that could affect cervical spine ROM. GCS and UCS flexion and extension were each measured three times using a CROM device. Linear regression models (LRMs) were developed to explore the relationships between age and sex and GCS and UCS ROM. The LRM for age showed a decrease in GCS flexion (−2.01°), GCS extension (−3.33°), and UCS extension (−1.87°) for every decade of increasing age. The LRM for sex showed that men displayed less ROM than women in GCS extension (−6.52°) and UCS extension (−2.43°). These results suggest an age-related loss of sagittal plane GCS ROM and UCS extension ROM, and sex-related differences in GCS and UCS extension with women having greater motion than men.
Keywords: cervical spine; cervical flexion and extension; upper cervical flexion and extension cervical spine; cervical flexion and extension; upper cervical flexion and extension

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zárate-Tejero, C.A.; Rodríguez-Rubio, P.R.; Brandt, L.; Krauss, J.; Hernández-Secorún, M.; Lucha-López, O.; Hidalgo-García, C. Association between Age, Sex and Cervical Spine Sagittal Plane Motion: A Descriptive and Correlational Study in Healthy Volunteers. Life 2023, 13, 461. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020461

AMA Style

Zárate-Tejero CA, Rodríguez-Rubio PR, Brandt L, Krauss J, Hernández-Secorún M, Lucha-López O, Hidalgo-García C. Association between Age, Sex and Cervical Spine Sagittal Plane Motion: A Descriptive and Correlational Study in Healthy Volunteers. Life. 2023; 13(2):461. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020461

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zárate-Tejero, Carlos Antonio, Pere Ramón Rodríguez-Rubio, Lindsay Brandt, John Krauss, Mar Hernández-Secorún, Orosia Lucha-López, and César Hidalgo-García. 2023. "Association between Age, Sex and Cervical Spine Sagittal Plane Motion: A Descriptive and Correlational Study in Healthy Volunteers" Life 13, no. 2: 461. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020461

APA Style

Zárate-Tejero, C. A., Rodríguez-Rubio, P. R., Brandt, L., Krauss, J., Hernández-Secorún, M., Lucha-López, O., & Hidalgo-García, C. (2023). Association between Age, Sex and Cervical Spine Sagittal Plane Motion: A Descriptive and Correlational Study in Healthy Volunteers. Life, 13(2), 461. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020461

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