Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Algae
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Factors That Contribute to Diabetes and Its Complications
Oxidative Stress Linked to Diabetes
3. Treatment of Diabetes
3.1. Antioxidants
3.2. Algal Extracts and Their Bioactive Components Linked to Diabetes Treatment
3.3. Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Activity of Different Algal Extracts
3.4. The Inhibitory Activity of Different Algal Extracts on the Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes
Algal Species | Division | Extract Type | α-Amylase Inhibition % | IC50 Value | α-Glucosidase Inhibition % | IC50 Value | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spirulina sp. | Cyanobacteria | Butanol crude extract | - | - | - | 23 μg/mL | [61] |
Pseudanabaena sp. | Cyanobacteria | Exopolysaccharides extract | - | - | 14.02% | - | [88] |
Fischerella sp. | Cyanobacteria | Aqueous crude extract | - | - | 7.5% | - | [90] |
Phaeodactylum tricornutum | Bacillariophyta | Fucoxanthin extract. | - | 0.68 mmol/L | - | 4.75 mmol/L | [91] |
Nannochloropsis oculata | Ochrophyta | Ethyl acetate crude extract | 78.52% | 121.96 μg/mL | 80.42% | 178.53 μg/mL | [92] |
Arthrospira platensis | Cyanobacteria | Methanol crude extract | 96.46% | 13.31 mg/mL | 97.42% | 9.56 mg/mL | [57] |
Porphyridium sp. | Rhodophyta | Methanol crude extract | - | - | 12.63%. | - | [93] |
Algal Species | Division | Extract Type | α-Amylase Inhibition % | IC50 | α-Glucosidase Inhibition % | IC50 | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ulva reticulata | Chlorophyta | Ethanol crude extract | 89.1% | - | 79.55% | - | [25] |
Sargassum polycystum | Phaeophyta | Ethyl acetate | - | 438.5 μg/mL | - | 289.7 μg/mL | [28] |
Sargassum wightii | Phaeophyta | Acetone crude extract | - | 438.5 μg/mL | - | 289.7 μg/mL | [28] |
Hormophysa cuneiformis | Phaeophyta | Methanol crude extract | - | - | 53% | 676.9 μg/mL | [100] |
Fucus vesiculosus | Phaeophyta | Semi-purified phlorotannin fraction | - | 2.8 μg/mL | - | 0.82 μg/mL | [101] |
Turbinaria decurrens | Phaeophyta | Methanol crude extract | - | - | - | 11 μg/mL | [75] |
Turbinaria decurrens | Phaeophyta | Acetone crude extract | 96.1% | 4.37 mg/mL | 97.4% | 2.84 mg/mL | [58] |
Taonia atomaria | Phaeophyta | Ethanol crude extract | 66.3% | - | - | - | [77] |
Laurencia dendroidea | Rhodophyta | Ethyl acetate fraction | - | - | - | 8.14 μg/mL | [81] |
Halymenia durvillei | Rhodophyta | Aqueous crude extract | - | - | - | 4.34 mg/mL | [103] |
3.5. In Vivo Antihyperglycemic Activity of Different Algal Extracts
3.5.1. Effect of Different Algal Extracts as Treatment on the Blood Glucose Levels of Diabetic-Induced Animals
3.5.2. Effect of Different Algal Extracts as Treatment on the Body Weight of Diabetic-Induced Animals
3.5.3. Effect of Different Algal Extracts as Treatment on the Hemoglobin (Hb) Levels of Diabetic-Induced Animals
3.5.4. Effect of Different Algal Extracts as Treatment on the Total Bilirubin of Diabetic-induced Animals
3.5.5. Effect of Different Algal Extracts as Treatment on the Liver Enzymes of Diabetic-Induced Animals
3.5.6. Effect of Different algal Extracts as Treatment on the Urea and Creatinine of Diabetic-Induced Animals
3.5.7. Effect of Different Algal Extracts as Treatment on the Total Protein of Diabetic-Induced Animals
3.5.8. Effect of Different Algal Extracts as Treatment on the Albumin Level of Diabetic-Induced Animals
3.5.9. Effect of Different Algal Extracts as Treatment on the Lipid Profile of Diabetic-Induced Animals
3.5.10. Effect of Different Algal Extracts as Treatment on the Histological Profile of the Liver and Pancreas of the Diabetic-Induced Animals
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Abo-Shady, A.M.; Gheda, S.F.; Ismail, G.A.; Cotas, J.; Pereira, L.; Abdel-Karim, O.H. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Algae. Life 2023, 13, 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020460
Abo-Shady AM, Gheda SF, Ismail GA, Cotas J, Pereira L, Abdel-Karim OH. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Algae. Life. 2023; 13(2):460. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020460
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbo-Shady, Atef Mohamed, Saly Farouk Gheda, Gehan Ahmed Ismail, João Cotas, Leonel Pereira, and Omnia Hamdy Abdel-Karim. 2023. "Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Algae" Life 13, no. 2: 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020460