Self-Reported Asthma Is Associated with Reduced Sperm Count—A Cross-Sectional Study of More than 6000 Young Men from the General Population
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No Asthma (n = 5521, 89.4%) Median (5–95 Percentile) or % | Asthma (n = 656, 10.6%) Median (5–95 Percentile) or % | p-Value c | |
---|---|---|---|
Anthropometric measures | |||
Age (years) | 19.0 (18.4–22.0) | 18.9 (18.4–22.8) | 0.6 |
Height (cm) | 182 (171–193) | 181 (170–192) | 0.08 |
Weight (kg) | 73.5 (58.8–94.9) | 73.5 (59.5–97.3) | 0.5 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 (18.4–28.4) | 22.4 (18.7–28.7) | 0.06 |
Mean testis size, OM (mL) | 21 (14–30) | 20 (13–29) | 0.1 |
Mean testis size, US (mL) | 14 (9–21) | 14 (8-21) | 0.1 |
Health and health behavior | |||
Ejaculation abstinence time (h) | 62 (37–135) | 62 (37–134) | 0.7 |
Alcohol (mean units/week) | 9 (0–37) | 9 (0–35) | 1.0 |
Cigarette smokers (yes), | 45.5 | 47.1 | 0.4 |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (yes) | 32.8 | 37.7 | 0.01 |
Use of medication a (yes), % | 12.4 | 21.0 | <0.001 |
Voice change, % | 0.2 | ||
Earlier than peers | 19.3 | 18.1 | |
Later than peers | 15.2 | 18.3 | |
Same time as peers | 65.4 | 63.6 | |
Sexual dysfunction b, % | 8.4 | 8.3 | 0.3 |
Crude | Adjusted d | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n c | Median (5–95 Percentile) | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |
Volume (mL) a | ||||||
No asthma | 5488 | 3.2 (1.4–6.1) | Reference | Reference | ||
Asthma | 650 | 3.1 (1.3–5.9) | −0.03 | −0.06; 0.01 | −0.03 | −0.06; 0.01 |
Concentration (million/mL) b | ||||||
No asthma | 5493 | 46 (4–158) | Reference | Reference | ||
Asthma | 653 | 42 (3–158) | −0.09 | −0.18; 0.01 | −0.09 | −0.18; 0.01 |
Total sperm count (million) b | ||||||
No asthma | 5487 | 145 (11–522) | Reference | Reference | ||
Asthma | 650 | 133 (7–447) | −0.18 | −0.33; −0.04 | −0.18 | −0.33; −0.04 |
Motile sperm (%) a | ||||||
No asthma | 5460 | 62 (26–80) | Reference | Reference | ||
Asthma | 649 | 61 (22–80) | −0.03 | −0.13; 0.08 | −0.02 | −0.13; 0.08 |
Morph. normal sperm (%) a | ||||||
No asthma | 5341 | 6.5 (1.0–16.0) | Reference | Reference | ||
Asthma | 635 | 6.5 (0.5–15.5) | −0.04 | −0.12; 0.03 | −0.05 | −0.12: 0.03 |
Crude | Adjusted c | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n b | Median (5–95 Percentile) | β (% Difference) | 95% CI | β (% Difference) | 95% CI | |
Follicle stimulating hormone (IU/L) a | ||||||
No asthma | 5458 | 2.6 (1.0–6.5) | Reference | Reference | ||
Asthma | 648 | 2.6 (1.1–6.5) | 2.42 | −2.34; 7.41 | 2.61 | −2.61; 7.61 |
Inhibin B (pg/mL) a | ||||||
No asthma | 5455 | 179 (87–314) | Reference | Reference | ||
Asthma | 648 | 180 (87–308) | −2.75 | −6.14; 0.80 | −2.38 | −5.77; 1.14 |
Luteinizing hormone (IU/L) a | ||||||
No asthma | 5464 | 3.4 (1.6–6.5) | Reference | Reference | ||
Asthma | 650 | 3.3 (1.7–6.3) | −0.35 | −3.79; 3.21 | −0.70 | −4.11; 2.94 |
Testosterone (nmol/L)a | ||||||
No asthma | 5455 | 19.6 (11.6–32.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
Asthma | 648 | 19.4 (11.4–33.2) | −0.92 | −3.52; 1.75 | −0.76 | −3.33; 1.87 |
Free testosterone (pmol/L) a | ||||||
No asthma | 5451 | 448 (267–750) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Asthma | 648 | 443 (265–758) | −0.29 | −2.97; 2.46 | −0.51 | −3.18; 2.22 |
Total Sperm Count (Million) a | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allergy | Asthma | N | β b | 95% CI | p-Value for Interaction |
Yes | No | 516 | Ref. | 1.0 | |
Yes | 171 | −0.27 | −0.55; 0.02 | ||
No | No | 2598 | Ref. | ||
Yes | 202 | −0.27 | −0.52; −0.02 |
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Pedersen, M.K.; Bräuner, E.V.; Hansen, A.H.; Hansen, L.S.; Jensen, T.K.; Jørgensen, N.; Priskorn, L. Self-Reported Asthma Is Associated with Reduced Sperm Count—A Cross-Sectional Study of More than 6000 Young Men from the General Population. Life 2023, 13, 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020278
Pedersen MK, Bräuner EV, Hansen AH, Hansen LS, Jensen TK, Jørgensen N, Priskorn L. Self-Reported Asthma Is Associated with Reduced Sperm Count—A Cross-Sectional Study of More than 6000 Young Men from the General Population. Life. 2023; 13(2):278. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020278
Chicago/Turabian StylePedersen, Marc K., Elvira V. Bräuner, Ann H. Hansen, Laura S. Hansen, Tina K. Jensen, Niels Jørgensen, and Lærke Priskorn. 2023. "Self-Reported Asthma Is Associated with Reduced Sperm Count—A Cross-Sectional Study of More than 6000 Young Men from the General Population" Life 13, no. 2: 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020278
APA StylePedersen, M. K., Bräuner, E. V., Hansen, A. H., Hansen, L. S., Jensen, T. K., Jørgensen, N., & Priskorn, L. (2023). Self-Reported Asthma Is Associated with Reduced Sperm Count—A Cross-Sectional Study of More than 6000 Young Men from the General Population. Life, 13(2), 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020278