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Volume 14
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10.3390/machines14010063
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Analysis of Power Regulation Characteristics for Pumped Storage Plants Containing a Variable-Speed Unit with a Full-Size Converter and a Fixed-Speed Unit Considering Hydraulic Disturbances Under Turbine Mode

by
Peilin Wu
1,
Weijia Yang
1,*,
Yiwen Liao
2,
Yufei Teng
3 and
Gang Chen
3
1
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
2
School of Environment and Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
3
State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Machines 2026, 14(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14010063 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 November 2025 / Revised: 30 December 2025 / Accepted: 31 December 2025 / Published: 4 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unsteady Flow Phenomena in Fluid Machinery Systems)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The rapid and frequent power regulation of variable-speed pumped storage units with a full-size converter (VSPSU with FSC) causes strong hydraulic disturbances in fixed-speed units (FSU) within shared pipelines. The influence of power command rates on the system has not been sufficiently quantified. Therefore, a model of pumped storage plant (PSP) containing VSPSU with FSC and FSU is constructed and validated against internationally used software SIMSEN. Influences of rates on dynamic characteristics are analyzed under turbine power reduction condition. An evaluation method is proposed to quantify power regulation performance for selecting optimal rates. Results indicate the following: (1) Advantage: the VSPSU-FSU demonstrates a superior power response compared to FSU-FSU under fast power control strategy. (2) Influence: overshoots of parameters show positive correlations with rates, while regulation time generally exhibits negative correlations. (3) Evaluation: Power regulation performance has a non-monotonic relationship with rates of VSPSU. Considering rapidity, safety, and stability comprehensively, the performance initially raises to a peak and then declines. Under 50% power reduction, the optimal power command rate is 0.1 p.u./s. The VSPSU–FSU active power regulation time is 4.9 s, significantly lower compared to FSU–FSU (45.17 s). This paper offers crucial insights for optimizing operation of PSPs with VSPSU and FSU.
Keywords: pumped storage plant with variable-speed unit and fixed-speed unit; full-size converter; hydraulic disturbances; fast power control strategy; power regulation characteristic pumped storage plant with variable-speed unit and fixed-speed unit; full-size converter; hydraulic disturbances; fast power control strategy; power regulation characteristic

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wu, P.; Yang, W.; Liao, Y.; Teng, Y.; Chen, G. Analysis of Power Regulation Characteristics for Pumped Storage Plants Containing a Variable-Speed Unit with a Full-Size Converter and a Fixed-Speed Unit Considering Hydraulic Disturbances Under Turbine Mode. Machines 2026, 14, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14010063

AMA Style

Wu P, Yang W, Liao Y, Teng Y, Chen G. Analysis of Power Regulation Characteristics for Pumped Storage Plants Containing a Variable-Speed Unit with a Full-Size Converter and a Fixed-Speed Unit Considering Hydraulic Disturbances Under Turbine Mode. Machines. 2026; 14(1):63. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14010063

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wu, Peilin, Weijia Yang, Yiwen Liao, Yufei Teng, and Gang Chen. 2026. "Analysis of Power Regulation Characteristics for Pumped Storage Plants Containing a Variable-Speed Unit with a Full-Size Converter and a Fixed-Speed Unit Considering Hydraulic Disturbances Under Turbine Mode" Machines 14, no. 1: 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14010063

APA Style

Wu, P., Yang, W., Liao, Y., Teng, Y., & Chen, G. (2026). Analysis of Power Regulation Characteristics for Pumped Storage Plants Containing a Variable-Speed Unit with a Full-Size Converter and a Fixed-Speed Unit Considering Hydraulic Disturbances Under Turbine Mode. Machines, 14(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14010063

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