Masses mI and mJ, identified by position vectors rI and rJ, move along their orbits with momenta pI and pJ and interact via the gravitational force fIJ. The curl vectors ωI and ωJ of the momenta are related to their angular velocities ω̃I and ω̃J about their curvature centres of their orbits.
Using the law of energy conservation, gauge equations for Newton’s law of gravitation are developed. These equations reveal that the gravitational force fIJ and the curl pI of the momentum in Newton’s gravity play analogous to the electric field E and magnetic B in electromagnetism. This formulation demonstrates that Newton’s gravity to be governed by gauge theory, addressing the long-standing view that “Newton’s gravitation is an exception of Yang–Mills gauge theory”. The developed framework provides a new approach for analyzing dynamic interactions in gravity fields. View this paper