Symmetry, Volume 18, Issue 4

Classical homogenization theory treats critical exponents as universal quantities depending only on spatial dimension, but recent evidence shows that this assumption fails for continuum composites once the mechanism of randomness generation is taken...

Symmetric matrix factorization (SMF) plays an important role in clustering and representation learning. Nevertheless, most existing SMF-based approaches are formulated as non-convex optimization problems, which often leads to unstable convergence and...

In this study, the applicability of achiral column chromatography—including both medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and classical gravity-driven techniques—was evaluated as a laboratory method for enantiomeric enrichment of scal...

Transcriptional and translational inhibition are fundamental regulatory mechanisms in gene networks, governing diverse processes from viral replication to neuroplasticity. Two-component genetic oscillators based on the “activator–represso...

Digital electricity meters display readings via digits, but accurate image-based recognition faces a key challenge: the frequent omission of decimal points creates a critical asymmetry between the visual image and its true semantic meaning. To addres...

Firstly, we define and study the notions of a smash product for actions of multiplier left Hopf algebras on algebras and of an integral on such smash products. Then we construct an analogue of Radford’s biproduct in the framework of multiplier...

In the current research, we introduce two operations of a “symmetric difference” type over three-dimensional extended index matrices, and investigate some of their basic properties. An example of the implementation of symmetric difference...

Matter–antimatter asymmetry is a fundamental question in both astronomy and particle physics. Investigating antimatter is of great interest for testing the potential explanations of matter–antimatter asymmetry in our Universe. In relativi...

This paper presents an adaptive optimal consensus tracking control scheme for canonical nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) with unknown dynamics, employing an actor–critic reinforcement learning (RL) framework. The scheme integrates a sliding...

Optimized dispatch of microgrids is crucial for improving the economic performance and long-term sustainability of modern low-carbon power systems. In particular, accurate economic dispatch modeling for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) is essen...

Multi-campus AI data centers procure identical hardware and service SKUs across geographically heterogeneous locations, yet finance and operations require a single system-level benchmark (“world price”) per SKU for budgeting, chargeback,...

This paper proposes a multi-strategy Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (MS-SBOA) for solving global optimization problems and 3D wireless sensor network deployment. While preserving the original two-phase search framework of SBOA, the proposed al...

The collection of graph data in decentralized environments raises critical privacy concerns. Local differential privacy (LDP) provides a strong privacy model but applying uniform noise to all graph elements often destroys utility. To address this, we...

Poor visibility contributes to nighttime accidents at highway intersections, especially in developing countries where vehicles mix with vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians and cyclists. Unlike downtown intersections with traffic signals...

The aim of this paper is to provide a general method for extending the criteria known for a simple canonical equation $x\prime \prime \prime \left(t\right)+q\left(t\right)x\left(\sigma \right(t\left)\right)=0$ to a noncanonical equation of the form ${\left(r_2\left(t\right){\left(r_1\left(t\right)y^{\prime }\left(t\right)\right)}^{\prime }\right)}^{\prime }+p\left(t\right)y(\tau$...

Cosmology is living through fascinating times, where new observations from ground and space telescopes are questioning the established paradigm, the so-called $\mathsf{\Lambda }$ Cold Dark Matter model. The particle nature of Dark Matter is severely constrained...

The rotational evolution of pulsars is governed by torque mechanisms whose mathematical structure encodes fundamental symmetries of the underlying physics. We demonstrate that the standard spin-down equation $\dot{f}=-sf-r{f}^3-g{f}^5$ deri...

The proxy-SU(3) approximation to the shell model, which restores the SU(3) symmetry of the 3-dimensional harmonic oscillator beyond the $sd$ shell, predicts the collective deformation variables $\beta$ and $\gamma$ of even–even atomic nuclei in a p...

In this paper, we investigate the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)-like running coupling, ${\alpha }_s^{AdS}\left(Q^2\right)$, and its associated $\beta$-function within a tachyonic Anti-de Sitter (AdS)/QCD framework. The ${\mathrm{AdS}}_5$ bulk geometry is deformed through the introducti...

Wind dynamics in urban environments exhibit non-stationarity and marked spatial variability, complicating stochastic modeling when a single global distribution is assumed. This article discusses the estimation of wind density under quasi-stationary r...

The $(2+1)$-dimensional Boussinesq equation plays an important role in mathematical physics. In this paper, we investigate some exact solutions of the $(2+1)$-dimensional variable-coefficient Boussinesq equation. Firstly, the Painlevé analysis is...

Ten compounds have been prepared among them six different dioxido(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato)vanadate(V) compounds with piperazinium (H₂pip²⁺) (1·6H₂O), methylpiperazinium (H₂mepip²⁺) (2·5H₂O), ethylpiperazinium (H₂etpip²⁺) (3·3H...

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely used in agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) electromechanical systems for their high efficiency and power density. While sliding mode control (SMC) offers robustness for PMSM drives, conve...

Intensive care units (ICUs) generate heterogeneous data streams, including structured electronic health records, physiological time series, and medical imaging, that describe the same patient state through different observational forms. Effective mul...

This paper develops a unified finite-bit distributed optimization framework for UAV swarms operating over bandwidth-limited communication graphs. We consider strongly convex and smooth global objectives decomposed over local UAV cost functions and st...

With the rapid development of complex engineering systems, many real-world optimization problems are characterized by high dimensionality, strong nonlinearity, and variable coupling. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Public Managemen...

Coastal reclaimed areas are characterized by complex strata and high groundwater levels, and pile foundations in such areas often suffer from insufficient uplift resistance. Compared with conventional cast-in-place piles, squeezed branch piles exhibi...

This paper introduces a new family of distributions called exponentiated Harris-G. This new distribution is a weighted distribution of the well established exponentiated-G distributions. The model allows for easy derivation of statistical properties...

Air–ground collaborative systems leverage the complementary strengths of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) and hold significant potential for logistics in complex, unstructured environments. However, trajectory...

Polycrystalline La_2−xBi_xNiMnO₆ (x = 0.2, 0.5, 1.0) samples were synthesized via a high-temperature and high-pressure method, with their structural, magnetic, and electrical properties systematically characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confir...

Few-shot image classification requires models to generalize from limited labeled examples. While metric-based approaches such as Prototypical Networks have demonstrated strong performance, they rely exclusively on visual features and ignore the rich...

We formulate a covariant version of Maxwell-like fracton electrodynamics in six dimensions using a symmetric tensor gauge field with scalar gauge symmetry $\delta A_{\mu \nu }={\partial }_{\mu }{\partial }_{\nu }\mathsf{\Lambda }$. This provides a relativistic setting in which th...

We establish two definitions of the convolution of vector measures on locally compact groups by employing injective tensor integration. These two formulations are shown to be isomorphic. We further investigate fundamental properties of the convolutio...

Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers knowledge from large language models (LLMs) to smaller or similarly sized models in order to obtain efficient yet capable systems. However, performing distillation over all tokens is computationally expensive and...

This paper presents a symmetric positive definite (SPD) coupling between the boundary element method (BEM) and the finite element method (FEM) in the framework of the numerical manifold method (NMM) for two-dimensional linear elastic static problems....

In this paper, the uniform approximation of continuous functions on $[0,1]$ by rational functions with prescribed poles and bounded multiplicities is studied. A classical theorem of Fichera characterizes density in $C\left(\right[0,1\left]\right)$ through the divergence of a...

Legal element recognition, which identifies discrete factual elements in Chinese court judgments to support judicial analysis and case retrieval, faces a severe long-tail challenge: head-to-tail label-frequency ratios exceed 100:1, and over 60% of se...

We investigate the effects of dark matter on the properties of strange quark stars within the framework of general relativity with two fluids coupled only by gravity. Adopting the color–flavor-locked model for strange quark matter and consideri...

This article investigates hop and 2-hop domination numbers, each defined by the minimum of its hop (2-hop) dominating sets on the honeycomb and butterfly networks, which have enormous applications in chemistry, engineering, parallel computing, etc. F...

This paper studies the commutativity of unital 2-torsion-free prime rings with an involution of the second kind. We investigate several identities involving generalized derivations on such rings. Our main results are new commutativity theorems, which...

To evaluate the coupled deformation of existing shield tunnels induced by multi-segment excavations with isolation piles, this study develops an integrated analytical framework combining a Kerr three-parameter foundation-plate model with a three-dime...

The main focus of this paper is to introduce a new probability model. Specifically, this paper presents a modified form of the Weibull distribution and investigates its various statistical properties, such as moments, moment-generating functions, rel...

Reverse time migration (RTM) exploits time-reversal symmetry and adjoint duality to focus wavefields and reconstruct subsurface reflectivity, but large surveys remain limited by the cost of forward and backward propagation. We present a Graphics Proc...

In unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based monocular inspection, cracks typically present as geometrically asymmetric, elongated, low-contrast weak targets, making accurate segmentation and spatial localization challenging. Existing methods are susceptib...

This paper is devoted to the study of the following fractional Choquard equation with prescribed $L^2$ norm: $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{(-\mathrm{\Delta })}^{s}u+\mu u=\left(I_{\alpha }\ast F\left(u\right)\right)F^{\prime }\left(u\right)\mathrm{in}{\mathbb{R}}^N,\hfill \\ {\parallel u\parallel }_{L^2\left({\mathbb{R}}^N\right)}=a,\hfill \end{array}\right.$ where $N\ge 2$, $s\in (0,1)$, $I_{\alpha }$ is the Riesz potentia...

This paper develops a rigorous inferential framework for a class of Gaussian stochastic processes driven by white noise with constant drift, whose temporal evolution is governed by a Caputo fractional derivative of order ${\displaystyle \alpha \in (1/2,1)}$. The mod...

Symmetry represents agreement in dimensions due to proportionality and refers to a sense of harmonious proportionality and balance [...]

Wireless communication networks based on IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee PRO constitute a critical component of smart grid infrastructures, where reliability and availability requirements exceed those typically assumed in low-power wireless deployments. Des...

Accurate State of Charge (SOC) estimation is critical for the safety and efficiency of Battery Management Systems (BMS). While data-driven methods have shown promise, they often exhibit limited generalization capability due to the lack of physical co...

The analytically integrable Fokas system, arising under the slowly varying envelope approximation for weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive quasi-monochromatic waves, is used to describe pulse propagation in single-mode optical fibers and is investi...