Symmetry, Volume 16, Issue 10

The degradation of products is an integral part of their life-cycle, often following predictable trajectories. However, sudden, unexpected events, termed ’shocks’, can substantially alter these degradation paths. Shocks can significantly...

Deep neural network models are vulnerable to attacks from adversarial methods, such as gradient attacks. Evening small perturbations can cause significant differences in their predictions. Adversarial training (AT) aims to improve the model’s a...

Symmetrical fractional differential equations have been explored through a variety of methods in recent years. In this paper, we analyze the existence and uniqueness of a class of pantograph integro-fractional stochastic differential equations (PIFSD...

Both notions, of an infinitesimal bending of a curve and of a rectifying curve, play important roles in the theory of curves. In this short note, we begin the study of the infinitesimal bending of a rectifying curve.

In this paper, we extend the theory of planar pseudo knots to the theories of annular and toroidal pseudo knots. Pseudo knots are defined as equivalence classes under Reidemeister-like moves of knot diagrams characterized by crossings with undefined...

Dual generalized commutative quaternions have broad application prospects in many fields. Additionally, the matrix equation AXB=C has important applications in mathematics and engineering, especially in control systems, economics, computer science, a...

The conformal fractional derivative (CFD) has become a hot research topic since it has a physical interpretation and is easier to grasp and apply to problems compared with other fractional derivatives. Its application to heat transfer, diffusion, dif...

NiOx, prepared via the sputtering method, exhibits low conductivity and energy level mismatch with the perovskite layer, thereby limiting further enhancements in the performance of perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Unlike traditional methods that enha...

Background: Serious secondary disasters caused by extreme natural weather conditions occur frequently, making it essential to establish a scientific and efficient modern emergency management system to maximize life-saving efforts. Methods: This study...

A rapid dynamic security assessment (DSA) is crucial for online preventive and restoration decision-making. The deep learning-based DSA models have high efficiency and accuracy. However, the complex model structure and high training cost make them ha...